Energy Storage and Dissipation of Human Periodontal Ligament during Mastication Movement

Abstract

As a layer of soft fibrous tissue, the periodontal ligament (PDL) protects against mechanical shock when transmitting mastication force from tooth to its surrounding alveolar bone. Currently, no quantitative method is available to estimate the shock resistance ability of the PDL. To solve this problem, in the present study we developed a finite element (FE) model of the tooth-PDL-bone complex and analyzed the energy storage and dissipation during the mastication movements. Displacement and Mises stress of tooth-PDL-bone complex show that the PDL is able to protect the alveolar bone from mechanical shock by shielding the transfer of deformation and stress. During mastication, the energy of the PDL is stored up to ∼161.5 J/mm3 at the period of loading and dissipated about one-tenth of the stored energy when unloading. The energy storage is displacement-dependent but time-independent because of the hyperelasticity of PDL. However, the energy dissipation is time- and displacement-dependent because of the viscoelasticity of PDL. The present study helps to understand the periodontal potential and the origin of dental diseases such as tooth concussion and occlusal trauma from the view of energy conversion.

Linear Momenta Transferred to the Dental Implant-Bone and Natural Tooth—PDL-Bone Constructs Under Impact Loading: A Comparative in-vitro and in-silico Study

“…In all models, the maximum induced von Mises stresses in alveolar bone cavity of DI-M construct was greater than those of the T-PDL-M construct, which makes logical sense because of the presence of a dampening constituent in T-PDL-M construct, i.e., PDL (Figure 5), that dissipates energy given to the construct, and thus reduces deformation experienced by the alveolar bone. This finding is in agreement with some other studies, such as (Pietrzak et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2015;Pei et al, 2018), which have highlighted the role of PDL in the dissipation of biting forces during mastication. Results of the FE simulation of this work also revealed that the duration of impact loading was less in the DI-B construct compared to that of the T-PDL-B construct, with a higher peak of stress concentration in the former.…”

“…This reduces the force transferred from tooth to the adjacent bone (Menicucci et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2015). It has been shown that the energy storage of PDL is about 161.5 J/mm 3 at the time of loading and one-tenth of the stored energy is dissipated at the time of unloading during mastication (Pei et al, 2018). However, when a dental implant is used, there is no PDL between the implant and neighboring bone, and the implant is directly connected to the bone, and thus this causes alteration in the mechanical stimuli, e.g., stress or strain, distribution in the surrounding bone (Wang et al, 2015;Robinson et al, 2019).…”

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

“…(i) Articles reporting the grinding of short teeth were excluded as the influence of residual periodontal membrane in mastication cannot be ruled out (Pei et al, 2018 ).…”

“…(i) Articles reporting the grinding of short teeth were excluded as the influence of residual periodontal membrane in mastication cannot be ruled out (Pei et al, 2018). (ii) Articles reporting experiments using implants/prosthodontics for missing teeth were also excluded.…”

Viscoelastic Cell Microenvironment: Hydrogel‐Based Strategy for Recapitulating Dynamic ECM Mechanics

“…[ 112,113 ] Similarly, the viscoelastic property of the periodontal ligaments allows to dissipate energy during mastication movement. [ 114 ] In addition, viscoelastic responses of the arteries may provide a small hysteresis that maintains the stability of blood pressure in each cardiac cycle. [ 115,116 ] Besides, brain viscoelasticity varies along with tissue structure, [ 64,66 ] region, [ 117,118 ] gender, [ 62 ] aging, [ 62,119 ] and inflammatory.…”