Energy storage applications of biomass-derived carbon materials: batteries and supercapacitors

Abstract

Recent advances in the application of biomass-derived carbon materials in batteries and supercapacitors.

Biomass‐Derived Carbon: A Value‐Added Journey Towards Constructing High‐Energy Supercapacitors in an Asymmetric Fashion

“…Energyf rom sunlight is stored as chemical energy in biomass and this energy can be widely used to meet our increasing energy needs, such as heating, cooking, and transport fuel. [54] In addition, BDC can also be derived from microorganisms, such as fungi (mushrooms and yeasts) and bacterial cellulose, [107,108] which can be considered as good regenerative biomass precursors due to their fast growth rate, richness in nature,and complexc hemical compositions. [106] The pyrolysis of variousb iomass precursors at high temperature under an inert gas leads to the formation of ap orous carbon skeleton.…”

Electrospun N‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanofiber with Improved Degree of Graphitization for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Capacitor

“…The SSA of a-PANF is up to 2157.4 m 2 g À1 ,w hich is considerably highert han the 1832 m 2 g À1 of p-PANF.T he corresponding pore size distribution was estimated from the adsorption branches of the isotherms. [16] Furthermore, the as-electrospun fibers are interconnectedw ith one another,p roducing ah yperbranched network structure with numerous macropores (> 50 nm), and the latter serve as ion-buffering reservoirs to minimize the diffusion distanceso felectrolyte ions to the interior surfaces. The total pore volumeo fa -PANF is 1.03 cm 3 g À1 and the fraction of micropores is 73.4 %, which indicates that the porous structureo fa -PANF is dominated by micropores.I th as been reported that micropores of sizes between 0.8 and 1.4 nm are fully accessible to PF 6 À anions of electrolytes.…”

“…Electrospinning is as imple and scalablet echnique for the preparation of continuousf ibers with diameters rangingf rom nanometers to micrometers by applying an electrostatic force between apolymer solutiona nd am etallic collector. [16] In this work, we reportt he preparation of hierarchical porousc arbon fibers with improvedd egree of graphitization for LIC applications. However,c onventionalp olymer-derived amorphous carbon usually exhibitsarelativelyl ow degree of graphitizationdue to the presence of large amounts of defects, which leads to limited electrical conductivity.…”

“…[15] Moreover,K OH activation is generallyu tilized to create abundant micropores for charges torage.U nfortunately,h owever,K OH-activated carbon usually lacks mesopores, which are critically important for promoting the formation of an electrical double layer and decreasing the ion-transfer impedance from the electrolyte to micropores. [16] In this work, we reportt he preparation of hierarchical porousc arbon fibers with improvedd egree of graphitization for LIC applications. Dual functional iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac) 3 )h as been introduced as both am esopore-creating templatea nd ag raphitic catalyst to increaset he degree of graphitizationo fe lectrospun carbon fibers.…”

Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials as Prospective Electrodes for High‐Energy Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors

“…The utilization of biomass waste in the production of electrode materials is as mart way of cutting the costs of the raw materials withoutc ompromising the positive environmental impact.T od ate, al arge number of biomass-derived carbon materials have been extensively reported in both symmetric and asymmetricc onfigurations, with improved electrochemical properties [31] compared to commercially available AC. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] However,d isappointingly,t here has been very limited work on their use in LIC assemblies. As such, this Minireview describes the performanceo fs uch biomass-derivedc arbonaceous materials in LIC configurations.…”