Energy storage capacity vs. renewable penetration: A study for the UK

Cárdenas, Bruno; Swinfen-Styles, Lawrie; Rouse, James; Hoskin, Adam; Xu, Weiqing; Garvey, Seamus D.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.149

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This paper is a continuation of previous work by Cardenas et al [24], which estimated the energy storage capacity that the UK will need to decarbonize its electricity grid. This could happen as early as 2035.…”

Section: Objectives and Contributionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Short-, Medium-, and Long-Duration Energy Storage in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid: A UK Case Study

et al. 2021

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Energy storage will be required over a wide range of discharge durations in future zero-emission grids, from milliseconds to months. No single technology is well suited for the complete range. Using 9 years of UK data, this paper explores how to combine different energy storage technologies to minimize the total cost of electricity (TCoE) in a 100% renewable-based grid. Hydrogen, compressed air energy storage (CAES) and Li-ion batteries are considered short-, medium-, and long-duration energy stores, respectively. This paper analyzes different system configurations to find the one leading to the lowest overall cost. Results suggest that the UK will need a storage capacity of ~66.6 TWh to decarbonize its grid. This figure considers a mix of 85% wind + 15% solar-photovoltaics, and 15% over-generation. The optimum distribution of the storage capacity is: 55.3 TWh in hydrogen, 11.1 TWh in CAES and 168 GWh in Li-ion batteries. More than 60% of all energy emerging from storage comes from medium-duration stores. Based on current costs, the storage capacity required represents an investment of ~£172.6 billion, or approximately 8% of the country’s GDP. With this optimum system configuration, a TCoE of ~75.6 £/MWh is attained.

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Section: Objectives and Contributionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In a previous study, Cardenas et al quantified the energy storage capacity that the UK will need to achieve a renewable penetration of 100% by 2035 [24]. Different mixes between wind and solar-PV power as well as different levels of over-generation were explored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-, Medium-, and Long-Duration Energy Storage in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid: A UK Case Study

et al. 2021

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“…This cluster represents the driving elements of energy-related carbon emission for the national and regional development of low-carbon energy policies. Idly used evaluation methods are LMDI (log-average Divisia index) [35,70,71].…”

Section: Knowledge Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Research Characteristics and Development Trend of Global Low-Carbon Power—Based on Bibliometric Analysis of 1983–2021

2021

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Achieving Net zero emissions is a common challenge facing all mankind. Low-carbon electricity has always been the main research field of global GHG emission control. The current article aims to use the bibliometric analysis to describe the characteristics and trends of low-carbon electricity publications from 1983 to 2021. We found that: (1) the number of publications in this area has shown an overall increase in the past 33 years. (2) the United States is the most powerful country in this field of research. Moreover, with the exception of major developed countries, more and more emerging economies have also joined the research on low-carbon power systems. (3) co-citation analysis and literature clustering characteristics show that the knowledge base in this field is focused on the decomposition of driving factors for carbon dioxide emissions and the optimization of the operation of renewable energy (RE) in low-carbon power systems. (4) the utilization of RE is a hot topic in low-carbon power research. Through this research, global scholars can be provided with the latest overview of valuable low-carbon energy research trends.

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“…For grid scale medium and long duration applications, however, they are economically well fitted to no more than several hours of capacity due to the high cost per unit capacity (€/kWh). Investigation of a hypothetical 100% of renewable scenario for the UK has found, that, apart from the required installation of certain over-generation, it is the medium duration energy storage in the range of multiple hours to days, through which the majority of the stored electricity needs to flow [6,7]. The lifetime of electrochemical batteries, typically below 10 years, furthermore stresses the need to search for other solutions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2022, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 34 which the majority of the stored electricity needs to flow [6,7]. The lifetime of electrochemical batteries, typically below 10 years, furthermore stresses the need to search for other solutions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Carnot Battery Technology Commercial Development

et al. 2022

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Carnot batteries are a quickly developing group of technologies for medium and long duration electricity storage. It covers a large range of concepts which share processes of a conversion of power to heat, thermal energy storage (i.e., storing thermal exergy) and in times of need conversion of the heat back to (electric) power. Even though these systems were already proposed in the 19th century, it is only in the recent years that this field experiences a rapid development, which is associated mostly with the increasing penetration of intermittent cheap renewables in power grids and the requirement of electricity storage in unprecedented capacities. Compared to the more established storage options, such as pumped hydro and electrochemical batteries, the efficiency is generally much lower, but the low cost of thermal energy storage in large scale and long lifespans comparable with thermal power plants make this technology especially feasible for storing surpluses of cheap renewable electricity over typically dozens of hours and up to days. Within the increasingly extensive scientific research of the Carnot Battery technologies, commercial development plays the major role in technology implementation. This review addresses the gap between academia and industry in the mapping of the technologies under commercial development and puts them in the perspective of related scientific works. Technologies ranging from kW to hundreds of MW scale are at various levels of development. Some are still in the stage of concepts, whilst others are in the experimental and pilot operations, up to a few commercial installations. As a comprehensive technology review, this paper addresses the needs of both academics and industry practitioners.

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Energy storage capacity vs. renewable penetration: A study for the UK

Cited by 69 publications

References 63 publications

Short-, Medium-, and Long-Duration Energy Storage in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid: A UK Case Study

Short-, Medium-, and Long-Duration Energy Storage in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid: A UK Case Study

Research Characteristics and Development Trend of Global Low-Carbon Power—Based on Bibliometric Analysis of 1983–2021

Review of Carnot Battery Technology Commercial Development

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