Energy: The Solar Hydrogen Alternative

Abstract

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Assessment of methods for hydrogen production using concentrated solar energy

“…A schematic of ambient temperature electrolysis is shown in Figure 1 A A The electrolyzer consists of a packaged unit with several components [4]. The electrolyzer accepts ac power and converts it to dc power which is provided to the electrolytic cells.…”

Solar photoproduction of hydrogen. IEA technical report of the IEA Agreement of the Production and Utilization of Hydrogen

“…The use of sunlight to drive reaction 7 has been a very popular field of research leading to the publication of several books (Bockris, 1976(Bockris, , 1980Ohta, 1979;Harriman and West, 1982;Skelton, 1984;Justi, 1987;Bockris et al, 1991), reviews (Balzani et al, 1975;Bolton, 1978;Bolton and Hall, 1979;Grätzel, 1981a;Nozik, 1984;Getoff, 1984;Willner and Steinberger, 1988;Dostrovsky, 1981;Serpone et al, 1992;Bard and Fox, 1995) and close to 1000 research papers. Most systems can be classified under one of five categories: Photochemical Systems (sunlight is absorbed by isolated molecules in solution), Semiconductor Systems (sunlight is absorbed by a semiconductor, either as a suspended particle in a liquid or as a macroscopic unit in a photovoltaic cell or an electrochemical cell), Photobiological Systems (sunlight is absorbed by a leaf chloroplast or alga in a configuration coupled to a hydrogen-generating enzyme),…”

“…Much has been made of the added value of hydrogen as a fuel [see books by Bockris (1976Bockris ( , 1980, Justi (1987), Ohta (1979) and Skelton (1984)] in terms of its favorable environmental aspects (no CO 2 emissions, no organic air pollutants, very little CO). There is little argument that a cheap method for generating hydrogen from water using solar energy would be highly desirable.…”

Manganese Compounds as Water Oxidizing Catalysts in Artificial Photosynthesis

“…Water splitting is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is decomposed to oxygen and hydrogen (Pace, 2005). Production of hydrogen fuel from electrolysis of water would become a practical strategy if we could find a ''super catalyst'' for water oxidation reaction (Bockris, 1977). Super catalyst means a stable, low cost, efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst.…”