Energy to protein ratios in supplements for grazing heifers in the rainy season

Santos, A. R. M.; Cabral, Carla Heloísa Avelino; Barros, Lívia Vieira de; Barros, Jackelliny Melo de; Cabral, Welton Batista; Dias, Milene Rodrigues

doi:10.1007/s11250-019-01953-8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Some authors claim that due to the still expressive protein concentration in this period, supplementation with a greater energy level should be promoted (Sales et al, 2008). In opposition, Porto et al (2011) and Santos et al (2019) did not observe an increase in weight gain with the increase of energy insertion in the supplement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Fecal excretion was estimated by an intermediate of the ratio between the provided dose of the indicator and the fecal concentration of chromium oxide (Smith & Reid, 1955) To estimate voluntary forage intake, the internal iNDF indicator was used, according to Detmann et al (2001). An estimate of the individual supplement intake was obtained according to Santos et al (2019). Total dry matter intake (kg d -1 ) was estimated as the sum of individual forage dry matter intake and individual supplement intake.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy supplementation as strategy of pasture management

Santos

Cabral

et al. 2022

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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This study evaluated the effect of increased energy via supplementation on the performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism of grazing heifers fed tropical forage in the rainy-dry transition season. Treatments consisted of mineral supplementation ad libitum (control) and multiple supplements formulated to provide different energy levels and the same amount of protein (300 g CP animal d-1) and were denominated as low (LE; 340 g TDN animal d-1), medium (ME; 780 g TDN animal d-1) and high (HE; 1220 g TDN animal d-1) energy. Animals supplemented with ME, and HE had a greater average daily gain in relation to the control treatment, with an increase of 41 and 46%, respectively. Greater values for total apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber were observed for the treatment HE. Lesser values of urinary urea N were observed for the control and HE treatments. Our results define the use of energy levels in the supplement as a tool for pasture management. If the purpose of the production system is to enhance forage intake, the option is to supply supplements with less energy levels. In contrast, if the purpose is to increase the stocking rate, supplements with greater energy levels should be used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy supplementation as strategy of pasture management

Santos

Cabral

et al. 2022

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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“…However, cattle production has several limitations in the tropics due to environmental changes, which cause fluctuations in animal performance because of the variation in forage production throughout the year. Climatic factors directly influence the production and nutritional value of the forage produced (dos Santos et al 2019). In addition, variable environmental conditions also cause heat stress and favor the development of parasites and diseases, damaging animal health (de Almeida Camargo and Pereira 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological and Performance Parameters Trend in Steers and Heifers in Feed Lot and Supplemented with Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jack)

2023

Int J Vet Sci

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This study compares the daily weight gain (ADG) and the hematological profile of cattle in feed lot and supplemented with palm oil (POil). Overall, 20 male and 24 female Holstein-Cebu (5/8-3/8) cattle with an average weight of 249±43 kg were used. Three groups of eight animals each were formed with females, which were housed and received 0, 2, and 4% POil in the diet (FSWO, FS2O, FS4O). With males, only two groups were formed, one group that kept grazing and received 2% POil (MG2O, n=8) and one group stabled and received 4% POil (MS4O, n=12). Peripheral blood was obtained to determine the hematocrit (HCT), plasma protein concentration (TPP, g/dL), and eosinophil count (EOS), and a complete blood sample was processed in an automatic analyzer to determine the erythron and platelet formula. Analysis of repeated measures over time was performed. Stabled steers showed the highest ADG (1.5kg/d), whereas females received 2 or 4% oil had similar ADG levels (1.3 to 1.4kg/d) than grazing steers. At the first sampling, EOS counts were 1.5 x 103 cells/µL of blood, but they were reduced to 0.23 x 103 cells/µL of blood at the end of the study. The lowest HCT was obtained in grazing steers (32.8%). It is concluded that in stabled steers, the red formula is improved, and the EOS count reduced. Palm oil supplementation generated the highest daily weight gain in stabled steers.

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