Energy Transfer Chemiluminescent Spiroadamantane 1,2‐Dioxetane Probes for Bioanalyte Detection and Imaging

Abstract

Chemiluminescence imaging of bioanalytes using spiroadamantane 1,2‐dioxetanes has gained significant attention due to improved signal‐to‐noise ratios and imaging depth compared to excitation‐based probes, as well as their modifiable scaffolds that offer analyte‐specific responses and tunable emissive properties. Among several strategies employed to amplify signals under aqueous conditions and to shift the emission into the bio‐relevant red region, energy transfer to an adjacent fluorophore is a popular and effective method. This Minireview highlights spiroadamantane 1,2‐dioxetane‐based probes that operate via an energy transfer mechanism to detect bioanalytes both in vitro and in vivo. Probes that display both non‐covalent and covalent interactions with fluorophores, as well as their applications in imaging specific analytes will be discussed.