“…0.1 at.%, 0.3 at.%, and 0.5 at.%. This broad emission band can be ascribed to the self-trapped exciton (STE) emission [25]. Observed from the PL excitation spectrum and XEL spectra, the Ce 3+ ion excitation state of the lowest crystal field component of the 5d energy level does not overlap well with the STE emission band, and a good overlap can be expected with the higher-lying 5d levels of Ce 3+ .…”