2021
DOI: 10.3390/en14133940
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Energy Transitions in Western European Countries: Regulation Comparative Analysis

Abstract: Shifting from fossil to renewable energy sources is a major global challenge, and in this context, the European Union has promoted sustainable and environmentally friendly growth as early as the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. To date, European institutions have promulgated a series of environmental regulations and directives aimed at promoting and imposing adoption by member states of internal regulations. This paper is focused on Western Europe, and it explores, for each state under analysis, energy policies adop… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…The research employs simple descriptive analysis methods, straightforward data analysis based on tabular and graphic presentations, dynamics indexes, as well as more advanced statistical methods, such as the comparative cluster analysis, various ranking methods, or simulations designed for generating future development scenarios. We may categorise studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] as belonging to this group. Several other publications discuss slightly different problems concerning green renewable energy.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The research employs simple descriptive analysis methods, straightforward data analysis based on tabular and graphic presentations, dynamics indexes, as well as more advanced statistical methods, such as the comparative cluster analysis, various ranking methods, or simulations designed for generating future development scenarios. We may categorise studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] as belonging to this group. Several other publications discuss slightly different problems concerning green renewable energy.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Switzerland is attempting to find the optimal mix of wind power, solar energy and hydropower in its energy balance [57]. Poland has a similar solar energy capacity to Germany [15,17], but its potential has not been fully utilized to date. In the last 15 years, the average annual insolation for Poland was estimated at 900-1100 kWh/m 2 [46].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Annual solar radiation is lowest in northeastern (voivodeships of Warmia and Mazury, along with Podlasie) and southern Poland (Silesia, Małopolska and Podkarpacie). Poland has a similar solar power capacity to the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland [15][16][17]. The energy yield from PV systems is influenced by the season (solar irradiance is highest between April and August), weather conditions, shading and the solar inclination angle.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are countries that are decisively promoting a clear energy transition with protected legislation and established policies towards a sustainable energy system [11]. At the island level, there are also decisions that promote the decarbonization of these sensitive territories, taking advantage of the available renewable energy potentials to convert them into environmentally friendly clean energy [12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%