Energy Use, Emissions, and Air Pollution Reduction Strategies in Asia

Foell, W.K.; Green, C.; Amann, Markus; Bhattacharya, Subhamoy; Carmichael, G. R.; Chadwick, M. J.; Cinderby, Steve; Haugland, Torleif; Hettelingh, Jean‐Paul; Hordijk, L.; Kuylenstierna, Johan; Shah, Jitendra J.; Shrestha, Rupendra; Streets, D.; Zhao, Dan

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0864-8_67

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Galloway (1989) hypothesized that the Asian emissions of SO 2 and NO x emissions will increase by a factor of three by 2020, thus threatening the sensitive ecosystems of the Asian region. Kuylenstierna et al (1995Kuylenstierna et al ( , 2001, Foell et al (1995), and Rodhe and Herrera (1998) assessed and mapped large areas of tropical Asia which are highly sensitive to acidic deposition using buffering mechanisms, land cover data, edaphic, and climatic datasets. Rhode et al (1992) estimated a total deposition rate in excess of 1.0 gm S m −2 year −1 in Asia and further concluded that acidification will be a reality in years to come if the current growth rates of anthropogenic SO 2 emissions continue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Critical Loads in Tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) Forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India

Gautam¹,

Tripathi

Manhas³

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The present study was conducted in tropical Sal forest ecosystem of the Doon valley in the Indian Himalayas to assess the critical load of sulfur and nitrogen and their exceedances. The observed pattern of throughfall ionic composition in the study areThe sum of cation studied is 412.29 μeq l −1 and that of anions is 196.98 μeq l −1 , showing cation excess of 215.31 μeq l −1 . The cations, namely Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + , and NH 4 + , made a contribution of about 67% of the total ion strength, where as anion comprising of SO 4 2− , Cl − , NO 3 − Water Air Soil Pollut (2011) 218:235-264whereas the maximum nitrogen critical load ranged between 2,992.63 and 4,394.45 eq ha −1 year −1 . The minimum and the maximum critical loads of sulfur ranged between 2,130.49 and 3,261.64 eq ha −1 year −1 and 2,250.58 and 3,381.73 eq ha −1 year −1 , respectively. The values of exceedance of sulfur and nitrogen were negative, implying that in the current scenario Sal forests of the Doon valley are well protected from acidification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Critical Loads in Tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) Forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India

Gautam¹,

Tripathi

Manhas³

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…In the Himalayan region, precipitation is caused mainly by moisture transported by Indian monsoon and/or local moisture from short travelled convective air mass during summer (June-September) (Stravisi et al 1998), while moisture is transported by the westerlies during winter and spring (October-May), thus the Himalayan region represents an ideal site for studying the chemistry of long-range transported species. The emissions of air pollution species in Asia are increasing rapidly during the past decades, resulting in local air pollution (Foell et al 1995). Indeed, Asia has been the largest source region of anthropogenic trace element emissions to the atmosphere in the world (Pacyna and Pacyna 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution indicated by trace elements in snow from the northern slope of Cho Oyu range, Himalayas

et al. 2010

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Samples collected from a 0.87 m snow pit at a high altitude site in the Cho Oyu range, Himalayas were measured for V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, major ions, oxygen stable isotopes, and microparticles were also measured to assist the interpretation of seasonal variation of trace elements. The trace elements show a distinct seasonality, i.e., higher concentrations during the non-monsoon season than those during the monsoon season. Significant correlation is observed between Ba and the other trace elements. Crustal enrichment factor (EF c ) analysis indicates that V, Mn, Co, Ni, Rb, Sr, and Th originate mainly from crustal dust, while anthropogenic inputs make an important contribution to the other trace elements (i.e., Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ti, Pb, Bi, and U). Evidence from air mass back trajectories suggests that atmospheric trace element pollution reaching the studied area is transported dominantly by Indian summer monsoon during the monsoon season, while it is transported mainly by the westerlies during the non-monsoon season.

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“…At that time, the first emission projections had been developed using the scenario approach, and implemented within modeling tools such as Regional Air Pollution INformation and Simulation (RAINS)-Asia [13,14]. Since then, the scenario literature about air emissions in Asia has become sizeable, reflecting the past anticipations and various expectations of socioeconomic drivers, development of the energy sector, technological progress and implications of policy measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

Rafaj

Amann

2018

Energies

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High levels of air pollution pose an urgent social and public health challenge in many Asian regions. This study evaluates the role of key factors that determined the changes in emission levels in China, India and Japan over the past 25 years. While emissions of air pollutants have been declining in Japan since the 1990s, China and India have experienced a rapid growth in pollution levels in recent years. Around 2005, control measures for sulfur emissions started to deliver expected reductions in China, followed by cuts in nitrogen oxides ten years later. Despite recent policy interventions, growing emission trends in India persist. A decomposition analysis of emission-driving factors indicates that emission levels would have been at least two-times higher without the improvements in energy intensity and efficiency, combined with end-of-pipe measures. Due to the continuous reliance on fossil fuels, the abatement effect of a cleaner fuel mix was in most cases significantly smaller than other factors. A reassessment of emission projections developed in the past suggests a decisive impact of energy and environmental policies. It is expected that targeted legislative instruments will play a dominant role in achieving future air-quality goals in Asia.

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Energy Use, Emissions, and Air Pollution Reduction Strategies in Asia

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Assessment of Critical Loads in Tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) Forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India

Assessment of Critical Loads in Tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) Forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India

Atmospheric pollution indicated by trace elements in snow from the northern slope of Cho Oyu range, Himalayas

Decomposing Air Pollutant Emissions in Asia: Determinants and Projections

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