Energy utilization associated with regular activity breaks and continuous physical activity: A randomized crossover trial

Fenemor, Stephen P.; Homer, Ashleigh R.; Perry, Tekla S.; Skeaff, C. Murray; Peddie, Meredith C.; Rehrer, Nancy J.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.02.003

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Brief bouts of activity split up over time metabolize more energy than the same total activity exerted in a single bout. For example, when relatively sedentary humans walk briskly for 2 min to interrupt sedentary behavior, EPOC occurs for roughly another 5 min, doubling the caloric expenditure relative to that of the movement itself [ 29 ]. We propose that myosin phosphorylation leading to thermogenesis by myosin heads in the DRX contributes to the benefits of brief bouts of activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the super-relaxed state of myosin in human metabolism

2021

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Background The super-relaxed state of myosin (SRX) plays a fundamental role in maintaining the low resting metabolic rate of skeletal muscle. Our previous work on this state has been in animal models. Piperine is a small molecule that has been shown to destabilize the SRX in rabbit fast twitch fibers. Methods Here we extend this work to human muscle obtained from biopsies of the vastus lateralis of both lean and obese subjects. The slow release of nucleotides by myosin in the SRX was measured by incubating permeable fibers in a fluorescent analog of ATP and chasing with ATP. Results The fraction of myosin heads in the SRX was 0.48 ± 0.04 with a lifetime of 148 ± 5 s in lean subjects and a fraction of 0.41 ± 0.05 and a lifetime of 176 ± 7 s in obese subjects. Addition of 100 μM piperine decreased the SRX population by 43 ± 7% in lean subjects and 36 ± 7% in obese subjects, with little change in lifetimes. Addition of piperine to human cardiac cells had no effect on the SRX, a requirement for a drug to treat metabolic diseases. Conclusions In human muscle the SRX and its responses to piperine are similar to those seen previously, with no significant differences between muscles from lean and obese subjects. Thus analogs of piperine that have greater specificity could provide effective treatment for metabolic diseases. The SRX provides a potential mechanism contributing to the large dynamic range of metabolic rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the super-relaxed state of myosin in human metabolism

2021

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“…Experimental studies have demonstrated that both standing and ambulatory interruptions to prolonged sitting time increased energy expenditure in adults, as a function of the duration, intensity and modality used (148)(149)(150). Interestingly, the increased energy utilization in response to frequent 2-minute moderate-intensity walking interruptions to sitting was maintained for ~4 minutes after every walking bout in adults.…”

Section: Evidence From Acute Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of sedentary behavior

Pinto

Dempsey

Roschel

et al. 2023

Physiological Reviews

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Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by a low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use towards carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength, and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across individual studies, longer-term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more-limited evidence on other health-related outcomes and physiological systems, and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/ interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in diverse population groups.

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“…Another potential underlying mechanism might be a greater energy expenditure after multiple short bouts than after one bout due to an acute increase in metabolic rate induced by exercise (Fenemor et al, 2018; Murphy et al, 2019). It was shown that although the total energy expenditure was similar during exercise, there was a greater accumulation of elevated post‐physical activity energy utilization in frequent short activities than a single bout of continuous activity (Fenemor et al, 2018). The difference of excess post‐physical activity oxygen consumption between accumulated and continuous exercises may be an underlying mechanism that resulted in the different effects between CONT and ACCU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of accumulated versus continuous individualized exercise on postprandial glycemia in young adults with obesity

Zhang

Tian

Miyashita

et al. 2023

European Journal of Sport Science

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Background: Elevated postprandial glucose (PPG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Post-meal exercise effectively reduces PPG concentrations. However, the effect of accumulated versus continuous post-meal exercise on PPG control remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of individualized accumulated or continuous exercise on PPG in young adults with obesity. Methods: Twenty young adults with obesity (11 males) completed three 4-h randomized crossover trials with 6-14-day washout periods: (1) sitting (SIT), (2) one 30-min walking bout (CONT), and (3) three 10-min walking bouts separated by 20-min resting (ACCU). Walking was initiated 20 min before individual PPG peak after breakfast, which was predetermined by continuous glucose monitoring. Blood samples were collected at 15-30 min intervals, and the 24-h glucose was monitored via continuous glucose monitoring. Results: The 4-h PPG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was 12.1%±30.9% and 21.5%±21.5% smaller after CONT (P = 0.022) and ACCU (P < 0.001), respectively, than after SIT. PPG concentrations were lower during CONT at 30-60 min and during ACCU at 30-105 min after breakfast than during SIT (all P < 0.05). The 4-h plasma insulin and C-peptide iAUC, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions were lower after CONT and ACCU than after SIT (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both continuous and accumulated exercises reduced PPG, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations and improved glucose fluctuations. Accumulated exercise maintained lower PPG concentrations for a longer time than continuous exercise in young adults with obesity. Clinical Trial Information: Clinical trial registration No. ChiCTR 2000035064, URL: http://www. chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=56584; (registered July 29, 2020).

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Energy utilization associated with regular activity breaks and continuous physical activity: A randomized crossover trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

The role of the super-relaxed state of myosin in human metabolism

The role of the super-relaxed state of myosin in human metabolism

Physiology of sedentary behavior

Effects of accumulated versus continuous individualized exercise on postprandial glycemia in young adults with obesity

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