Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

Stolarski, M.; Warmiński, Kazimierz; Krzyżaniak, Michał

doi:10.3390/en13061495

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…30% of the country area) and the amount of wood acquired annually (over 40 million m 3 ) [8], wood processing industry waste and post-felling biomass, i.e., branches and twigs left over after tree felling, is the dominating source of woody biomass. Plantations of woody crops grown as short rotation coppice (SRC) are another source of woody biomass and include mainly willow and poplar [9][10][11][12][13]. The area of poplar and willow cultivation in the SRC system in Poland is estimated at approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant differences in bark and ash content were found in initial breeding experiments on many willow genotypes of many species in the USA [29,30]. Later studies also revealed great differences between 18 willow genotypes with respect to polysaccharides and ash and considerable genotype interactions with the environment for some characteristics [11]. Therefore, both genetic factors and environmental and agrotechnical conditions have a significant effect on the composition and quality of biomass [28,[31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Willow Biomass as Energy Feedstock: The Effect of Habitat, Genotype and Harvest Rotation on Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition

et al. 2020

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Willow biomass is used as a bioenergy source in various conversion technologies. It is noteworthy that apart from the beneficial environmental impact of a willow plantation, the biomass quality is also very important as it has an impact on the effectiveness of its use and emissions produced in various bioenergy technologies. Therefore, this study analysed the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of 15 genotypes of willow biomass from two plantations situated in the north of Poland, harvested in two consecutive three-year rotations. The differences in the moisture content, ash content and the lower heating value were mainly determined by the genotype, i.e., by genetic factors. In contrast, the content of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and hydrogen was determined by the location (environmental factors), but also by the genotype, and by a combination of these factors. The following were the mean levels of the willow biomass characteristics, regardless of the location, genotype and harvest rotation: 48.9% moisture content, 1.26% d.m. ash content, 19.4% d.m. fixed carbon, 79.4% d.m. volatile matter, 19.53 MJ kg−1 d.m. higher heating value, 8.20 MJ kg−1 lower heating value, 52.90% d.m. carbon, 6.23% d.m. hydrogen, 0.032% d.m. sulphur, 0.42% d.m. nitrogen. The present research has shown that the selection of the willow genotype is important for the quality of biomass as energy feedstock. However, plantation location, as well as successive harvest rotations, can have a significant impact on the biomass elemental composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willow Biomass as Energy Feedstock: The Effect of Habitat, Genotype and Harvest Rotation on Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition

et al. 2020

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“…The application of supercritical fluid and utilization of renewable substrate from perennial industrial crops, including those grown on marginal land using a short-rotation coppice system presented in this publication, could be an important contribution to the bioeconomy and circular economy [ 36 , 37 ]. Information on this complex topic is scarce in the scientific literature, and the majority of data are limited to the production of bioenergy from this non-food lignocellulosic substrate [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characteristics of Supercritical CO2 and Water Extracts from Willow and Poplar

et al. 2021

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Renewable feedstock from perennial industrial crops, including those cultivated on marginal land in a short-rotation coppice system, could be an important contribution to the bioeconomy. The majority of data available on the topic are limited to the production of bioenergy from this type of biomass. According to the concept of bioeconomy, biomass-based bioproducts have priority over energy production. This paper characterizes the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from bark (b), wood (w) or a mixture of bark and wood (b + w) from Salix purpurea, Salix viminalis and Populus nigra obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), scCO2 and water (1%, w/w) or only water. Generally, a high concentration of polyphenols was obtained after extraction with scCO2 and water, while the lowest concentration was found in extracts obtained with scCO2. The highest concentration of polyphenols (p < 0.05) was obtained in an extract from P. nigra (b) (502.62 ± 9.86 mg GAE/g dry matter (d.m.)) after extraction with scCO2 and water, whereas the lowest polyphenol concentration was observed in an scCO2 extract from S. purpurea (b) (6.02 ± 0.13 mg GAE/g d.m.). The flavonoids were effectively separated by extraction with scCO2 (0.88–18.37 mg QE/g d.m.). A positive linear relationship between the antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS assays and the concentration of polyphenols was demonstrated, R2 = 0.8377 and R2 = 0.9568, respectively. It is most probable that the concentration of flavonoids, rather than the concentration of polyphenols, determines the chelating activity of Fe2+. The Fe2+-chelating activity of scCO2 extracts ranged from 75.11% (EC50 = 5.41 mg/cm3, S. purpurea, b + w) to 99.43% (EC50 = 0.85 mg/cm3, P. nigra, b + w). The lowest chelating activity was demonstrated by the extracts obtained with scCO2 and water (maximum 26.36%, S. purpurea, b + w). In extracts obtained with scCO2 and water, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (210–428 µg/g), p-coumaric acid (56–281 µg/g), saligenin (142–300 µg/g) and salicortin (16–164 µg/g) were the dominant polyphenols. All of these chemical compounds occurred mainly in the free form. The S. purpurea, S. viminalis and P. nigra biomass proved to be an attractive source of biologically active compounds for various possible applications in food, drugs or cosmetics. These compounds could be extracted using an environmentally friendly method with scCO2 and water as a co-solvent.

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“…Interest in bioenergy has increased globally (Griffiths et al, 2019; Qin et al, 2018; Stolarski et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2020). In 2019, the European Union (EU) updated its energy policy framework to include a transition from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy and deliver on the EU's Paris Agreement commitments for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another promising biomass source includes short rotation woody crop (SRWC) systems, based on short, clear‐felling cycles (generally between 1 and 15 years) utilizing genetically superior planting material, and often relying on coppice regeneration (Griffiths et al, 2019; Dickmann, 2006). The production of biomass as feedstock for energy generation and industrial processes from SRWC plantations is still being developed in many countries in Europe (Afas et al, 2008; Dillen et al, 2013; Njakou Djomo et al, 2015; Stolarski et al, 2020; Verlinden et al, 2015), the USA and Canada (Clifton‐Brown et al, 2019; Ghezehei et al, 2020; Zalesny & Headlee, 2015). Biomass is generally presumed to be carbon neutral, given that emissions from biomass combustion are compensated by plant regrowth (Ragauskas et al, 2006; Yan, 2018; Zeman & Keith, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cultivar and rotation length (5 vs. 10 years) on biomass production and sustainability of poplar (Populus spp.) bioenergy plantation

Niemczyk

2021

GCB Bioenergy

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Poplars (Populus spp.) managed in short rotation woody crop (SRWC) systems are considered very promising in terms of biomass production for energy purposes in a temperate zone. In this study, several gaps in knowledge regarding the selection of the plant material, cultivar‐specific responses to coppicing and rotation length are addressed. Five‐ and 10‐year rotation lengths were considered, with a focus on the sustainability of the plantation and the quantification of the biomass production of 10 commercially available hybrid poplar cultivars during two consecutive 5‐year rotation cycles versus one 10‐year rotation in northern Poland. The biomass production varied considerably among cultivars, ranging from 1.6 (‘AF8’) to 7.5 (‘NE42’) Mg ha−1 year−1 at the end of the first 5‐year rotation, and 0.0 (‘AF8’)–5.4 (‘Degrosso’) Mg ha−1 year−1 in the second 5‐year rotation, while in a single 10‐year rotation, the mean annual increment (MAI) ranged from 1.0 (‘AF8’) to 15.1 (‘NE42’) Mg ha−1 yr−1. The 5‐year rotation cycles negatively influenced the sustainability of the plantation due to the high mortality of stems and sprouts in the second 5‐year coppice rotation. In the case of 5‐year and longer rotations, replanting (not resprouting) after harvest may be a more advantageous practice for maximizing the regeneration. The 10‐year rotation cycle allowed for enough development of the crown and root systems to produce sufficient basal area and height to achieve maximal MAI in the trees. The study revealed that an age ≥10 is a biologically optimal rotation age as the slope of MAI was equal/close to zero. This study further showed the crucial importance of testing cultivars before introducing them on a commercial scale and provided valuable information on poplar cultivars available to stakeholders in the biomass market.

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Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Willow Biomass as Energy Feedstock: The Effect of Habitat, Genotype and Harvest Rotation on Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition

Willow Biomass as Energy Feedstock: The Effect of Habitat, Genotype and Harvest Rotation on Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition

Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characteristics of Supercritical CO2 and Water Extracts from Willow and Poplar

The effects of cultivar and rotation length (5 vs. 10 years) on biomass production and sustainability of poplar (Populus spp.) bioenergy plantation

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