OBJECTIVE:Because pulmonary embolism (PE) and COPD exacerbation have similar presentations
and symptoms, PE can be overlooked in COPD patients. Our objective was to
determine the prevalence of PE during COPD exacerbation and to describe the
clinical aspects in COPD patients diagnosed with PE.METHODS:This was a prospective study conducted at a university hospital in the city of
Ankara, Turkey. We included all COPD patients who were hospitalized due to acute
exacerbation of COPD between May of 2011 and May of 2013. All patients underwent
clinical risk assessment, arterial blood gas analysis, chest CT angiography, and
Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremities. In addition, we measured D-dimer
levels and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels.RESULTS:We included 172 patients with COPD. The prevalence of PE was 29.1%. The patients
with pleuritic chest pain, lower limb asymmetry, and high NT-pro-BNP levels were
more likely to develop PE, as were those who were obese or immobile. Obesity and
lower limb asymmetry were independent predictors of PE during COPD exacerbation
(OR = 4.97; 95% CI, 1.775-13.931 and OR = 2.329; 95% CI, 1.127-7.105,
respectively).CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of PE in patients with COPD exacerbation was higher than expected.
The association between PE and COPD exacerbation should be considered, especially
in patients who are immobile or obese.