Enfermedades bacterianas y sus agentes etiológicos identificados en peces de México - Una Revisión

Abstract

Este trabajo concentra la información bibliográfica existente acerca de las bacterias aisladas y/o identificadas a partir de peces de México. El análisis muestra que el estudio de la sanidad de peces del país es relativamente reciente, y describe el aislamiento de varios géneros bacterianos obtenidos tanto de peces clínicamente enfermos como subclínicos, con alta frecuencia de bacterias oportunistas; asimismo se muestra que en la última década se ha confirmado la presencia de bacterias emergentes causando enfermedad septicémica en peces cultivados. En ambiente de agua dulce Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Yersinia spp., Weissella ceti y Lactococcus garviae han causado enfermedad septicémica en trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mientras que Francisella orientalis, Streptococcus iniae y Mycobacterium spp. han afectado a tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). En ambiente salino únicamente Nocardia seriolae se reporta como causa de enfermedad sistémica en corvina roja (Sciaenops ocellatus). Pese a la disponibilidad de esta información, la situación sanitaria de la piscicultura del país no es reconocida; sin embargo, la ocurrencia de las enfermedades bacterianas emergentes aquí reportadas, muestran la necesidad de conocer su distribución en el país.

Good practices in aquaculture production and pathogen detection in rainbow trout farms

“…Batches with positive results to A. hydrophila showed coincidences with the symptomatology described ty Fuentes and Pérez (1998), who linked the presence of the bacteria to exophthalmos, darkening of the skin, altered behaviour pattern, 80% sickness rate, and a 52% death rate. Nevertheless, these visual symptoms match other pathogens that also attack trouts (Alcántara-Jauregui et al, 2022). However, the PCR technique has a 97.5% accuracy and the results regarding the presence of this bacteria can be therefore considered trustable (Chapela et al, 2018).…”

“…In Mexico, the Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA) is in charge of following up epizootic diseases in aquaculture. However, scarce information has been published about the introduction or outbreak of pathogen bacteria in trouts (Alcántara-Jauregui et al, 2022).…”

Contamination, Spoilage and Safety of Fisheries and Aquaculture Products By Pseudomonas spp

“…Pseudomonas are found naturally in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments, as well as being part of the intestinal microbiota of healthy fish (Balbuena and Rios, 2011;Puello-Caballero et al, 2018;Alcántara-Jauregui et al, 2022). However, Pseudomonas can cause infection in fish (Ardura et al, 2013;Kačániová et al, 2017) known as Pseudomonadiasis which is septicemic in fish that live in fresh and brackish waters (Balbuena and Rios, 2011;Puello-Caballero et al, 2018;Alcántara-Jauregui et al, 2022).…”

“…In aquaculture activities, processes such as the management of individuals, batch classification, application of cleaning procedures, use of chemical products, inadequate culture density and water quality, poor nutrition, transport between facilities, or alteration of environmental conditions can generate a state of stress in fish, favoring infection and disease outbreaks by various causal agents, including Pseudomonas (Balbuena and Rios, 2011;Bautista Covarrubias et al, 2011;Ardura et al, 2013;Cepa et al, 2019;Duman et al, 2021). Within the genus, P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, P. baetica, P. chlororaphis, P. fluorescens, P. koreensis, P. luteola, P. plecoglossicida, P. pseudoalcaligenes and P. putida have been reported to cause disease in several species of fish (Austin et al, 2007;Duman et al, 2021;Alcántara-Jauregui et al, 2022). Conducted studies have reported almost a 100% mortality from infection with Pseudomonas spp., fish such as sea bream, sea bass, Ayu, and rainbow trout in aquaculture conditions (Duman et al, 2021).…”

Streptococcus iniae in aquaculture: a review of pathogenesis, virulence, and antibiotic resistance

“…In 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China classified streptococcosis as a contagious invasive disease (Class II) due to its severity [ 23 ]. Recent outbreaks of this infection were documented in aquaculture farms in Brazil and Mexico [ 24 , 25 ]. Although it is a significant pathogen in aquaculture, recent research has reported streptococcosis presence caused by this bacterium in marine mammals and fish, indicating that it could pose a risk to wild populations [ 26–29 ].…”