The reconstruction of criminal law in Indonesia is a substantial endeavor to modernize the Criminal Code, or KUHP, which has existed since the colonial era. The primary goal is to promote consistency in criminal law by incorporating the principles of Law Number 1 of 2023, which establishes a suitable legal foundation for implementing more efficient and enduring penalties. This study examines essential strategies to address the issue of overcrowding in Indonesian prisons, a persistent problem in Indonesia that affects the efficiency of the criminal justice system. The consequences of this issue include the decline in prisoner conditions and the potential economic burden on the nation due to the financial support provided to incarcerated individuals. Within this framework, reconstruction mitigates adverse consequences by considering diverse factors, such as implementing more suitable sanctions, employing alternate forms of punishment, and safeguarding the rights of incarcerated individuals. Incorporating the ideals of restorative justice is a crucial factor to be considered while conducting a more in-depth study using the analytical prescriptive specification approach. The study findings indicate the pressing need for criminal reconstruction, as outlined in Law Number 1 of 2023, to mitigate adverse effects and enhance the efficiency of the criminal justice system through societal and legal advancements.