“…In the audit process, to validate the authenticity of data owned by clients, CPA firms must request electronic confirmation from third parties, such as deposit/loan data from banks, information disclosures to the China Securities Regulatory Commission, and tax filings to tax authorities. In order to improve audit quality and mitigate audit risks, confirmation is a key component of the integrity of IT auditing (Janvrin, Caster, & Elder, 2010;Bergh, Hinna, Leka, & Zwetsloot, 2016;Axelsen, Green, & Ridley, 2017).…”