Enforcing a Tobacco-Free Campus Through an Ambassador-Based Program: A Phenomenology

Kuntz, Megan; Seitz, Christopher M.; Nelson, Marie

doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.1003380

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similar to a creative approach described in this study, the University of Montana trained students in 2015 to participate in an Ambassador program to approach policy violators. 22 Students who participated in this program had a positive experience, but they also reported feeling uncomfortable and questioning their own level of authority.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies have been implemented to improve compliance, including awareness campaigns 17,20 and Tobacco-free Ambassador Programs. 21,22 Although there are promising interventions to improve tobacco-free policy compliance, there is a lack of research on the predominant enforcement methods selected across campuses, particularly with varying types of tobacco policies (eg, designated smoking areas versus tobacco-free policies). In addition, there is a lack of knowledge on why various enforcement methods are selected or a comparison of outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The carrot and the stick? Strategies to improve compliance with college campus tobacco policies

Fallin‐Bennett

Roditis

Glantz

2016

Journal of American College Health

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Objective Tobacco-free policies are being rapidly adopted nationwide, yet compliance with these policies remains a challenge. This study explored college campus key informants’ experiences with tobacco policies, and their perceived benefits, drawbacks, and outcomes. Participants The sample for this study was 68 key informants representing 16 different California universities with varying tobacco policies (no smoking indoors and within 20 feet of entrances, designated smoking areas, 100% smoke-free, and 100% tobacco-free). Methods Qualitative, descriptive study. Semistructured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. Results Strategies to improve compliance ranged from a social approach to a heavy focus on punitive enforcement. Key informants from campuses using a social approach alone reported barriers to improving compliance, including a perceived lack of efficacy of the approach. However, these campuses found it challenging to incorporate enforcement through campus police or security. Conclusions College campus decision makers should explore using a combined approach (social approach as well as formal enforcement), with enforcement primarily the responsibility of nonpolice university channels (eg, Student Affairs, employee supervisors).

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The carrot and the stick? Strategies to improve compliance with college campus tobacco policies

Fallin‐Bennett

Roditis

Glantz

2016

Journal of American College Health

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“…Although previous international research indicates that those who attend sporting events in smoke-free stadiums tend to comply with the policy [17,19,20], enforcement for those who do not comply is important to protect others from second-hand smoke exposure. The soft, friendly, informational enforcement approach found in this study, and that of Healthy Stadia [11], is also a method of enforcement used at smoke-free universities in the United States [25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adoption, Implementation, and Impact of Smoke-Free Policies among Gaelic Athletic Association Clubs in Ireland: A Qualitative Study

Seitz

Lawless

Cahill

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is a major stakeholder in promoting smoke-free policies in Ireland. Several GAA clubs have adopted smoke-free policies, and there is a growing interest among other GAA clubs to also become smoke-free. As such, the purpose of this study is to explore the process of how GAA clubs adopt, implement, and enforce smoke-free policies in order to discover best practices that other clubs could replicate. Representatives from 15 smoke-free clubs were interviewed regarding how their club became smoke-free. Interview data were analyzed, in which four major themes emerged: (1) process (planning a smoke-free policy, communicating the policy to the community, providing smoking cessation resources), (2) barriers (opinions and behaviors of club members who smoke, bars connected to club houses, policy exceptions, visitors and umpires who were unaware of the policy), (3) enforcement (community-based style of enforcement, non-confrontational approach, non-enforcement), and (4) impact (observation of policy compliance and decrease in cigarette litter). The study’s findings indicate a general ease of becoming smoke-free with minimal barriers. As such, the GAA should urge each club to become smoke-free and to use the effective methods used by current smoke-free clubs for communicating and enforcing smoke-free policies.

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“…To our knowledge, only ambassador programs and the handing out of reminder cards for observed violators have been researched in relation to effectiveness, with some evidence of success of increased compliance. 22,24,36,37 There is a need for researchers to make a systematic comparison of the different forms of enforcement and compliance winning strategies including the "soft" approaches (eg, warnings, educational classes) and "hard" approaches (eg, fines, disciplinary action), as well as investigate the benefits of progressive sanctions. In addition, given that tobacco-free campuses are becoming more popular in other parts of the world, and because most of the previous research about compliance/ enforcement was conducted in the US and Canada, additional international research is needed to determine whether barriers for implementation of policies and compliance are similar to universities in North America.…”

Section: Implications For Tobacco Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Three studies evaluated ambassador programs, in which volunteer faculty, staff, and students regularly patrol the campus to inform violators of the policy and politely ask for compliance. 24,36,37 There was support for the effectiveness of each enforcement program, measured as a decline in collected cigarette butts 22,24,36 and observed violators post-implementation compared to pre-implementation. 24,36 This raises the question: Are educational cards and ambassador programs the only ways that universities ensure that people are not using tobacco on campus?…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Enforcement of Smoke/Tobacco-free Policies at Public Universities in the US

Seitz¹,

Kabir²,

Greiner³

et al. 2018

tobacco reg sci

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Objective: In this study, we examined how smoke/tobacco-free campuses are enforced at 4-year public universities in the United States. Methods: During September of 2016, smoke-free and tobacco-free policies of 4year, public universities were located via the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation and the College Navigator websites. Policies were categorized based upon those who were responsible for initially confronting policy violators, those who were responsible for receiving reports of policy violations, methods for reporting a violation, and the types of sanctions for violators. Results: Of 167 policies, most (62%) relied on the entire campus community (students, faculty, staff) to provide initial policy enforcement. The majority (59%) did not mention who would receive violation reports, only 15% included a detailed method for reporting a violation, and over one-third did not mention any sanctions for students, employees, or visitors. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for more specific and robust policy enforcement at smoke/tobacco-free universities.

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Enforcing a Tobacco-Free Campus Through an Ambassador-Based Program: A Phenomenology

Abstract: The findings from the study can be used to inform those considering the implementation of an Ambassador program on their campus.

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

The carrot and the stick? Strategies to improve compliance with college campus tobacco policies

The carrot and the stick? Strategies to improve compliance with college campus tobacco policies

The Adoption, Implementation, and Impact of Smoke-Free Policies among Gaelic Athletic Association Clubs in Ireland: A Qualitative Study

Enforcement of Smoke/Tobacco-free Policies at Public Universities in the US

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