Engaging Fundamentalism: The Case of Women's NGOs in Pakistan

Jafar, Afshan

doi:10.1525/sp.2007.54.3.256

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some research goes beyond the state-civil society relationship and examines the influence of other social actors, such as foundations, international organizations, and commercial enterprises, on NGO goals and actions (Bartley 2007;Mitlin et al 2007;Phillips 2005). Another avenue of research suggests that local cultural practices frame NGO development (Jafar 2007;Karim 2004).…”

Section: Sociopolitical Context and Strategic Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, recent scholarship suggests that the context within which NGOs operate shapes their goals and actions. In particular, scholars suggest that religion (Jafar 2007;Karim 2004), governments (Baiocchi 2002;Brittain 2007;Carmin et al 2003;Shepherd 2006), private foundations (Bartley 2007;Phillips 2005), gender (Simpson 2006), and social processes such as democratization (Schild 1998) and globalization (Fernando 2003;Mitlin et al 2007) influence the ways in which NGOs emerge and develop. Therefore, to identify NGOs as resisters versus cooperators (Landim 1987), activists versus service providers (Barr et al 2005), spaces of protest versus inaction (Ruwanpura 2007), or even as radical versus moderate is problematic because NGO strategic action is dependent on the interaction of the goals and the local context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Mexican NGOs: Goals, Strategies, and the Local Context

Brumley

2010

Qual Sociol

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Research on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) largely focuses on the actions taken towards contributing to social change in communities and has characterized them into a typology of resisters or cooperators. Using extensive qualitative data, I use this case study to illustrate that NGOs use multiple repertoires of strategies that range from low to high risk. In this article, I show how and why NGO leaders in Monterrey, Mexico, choose their strategies based on their interpretation of the local sociopolitical environment and their assessment of how politically challenging a goal is within that context. By setting aside the dichotomy of NGOs as cooperators or resisters, I demonstrate the connection between strategies, goals, and the local sociopolitical context that is largely missing in our theorizing of NGOs (and other forms of collective action). These findings have implications for understanding how NGOs, as social actors, participate in an increasingly complex and interconnected global space.

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Section: Sociopolitical Context and Strategic Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Mexican NGOs: Goals, Strategies, and the Local Context

Brumley

2010

Qual Sociol

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“…As a result, civil society organizations, and specifically NGOs, become overburdened with providing public services, and their transformative potential is minimized (Bari and Khattak, 2001;Kamat, 2002). Nonetheless, within the field of Pakistan, typified by the weakness of civil society and the repressive capacity of the state, others view the women's movement NGOs as essential for the defense of human rights and minority rights (Jafar, 2007;Weiss, 1999Weiss, , 2003. In spite of some of the limitations of donor-funded activism, funding for NGOs has been a critical resource that has sustained and facilitated women's activism in ways that would otherwise have been impossible and has altered the power dynamics within the political field to the benefit of women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Struggle and Hope: Challenging Gender Violence in Pakistan

Critelli

Willett

2012

Critical Sociology

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Despite the overwhelming media attention to the rise of fundamentalism, Pakistan's vocal women's movement has remained unrevealed and unexamined. Gender violence is integral to the agenda of the women's movement, because of the profound violation of women's human rights to life and security. This article draws on formal in-depth interviews and participant observation with women's activists of two prominent women's nongovernmental organizations in Lahore, Pakistan. Using a transnational feminist framework and feminist social movement theory, it examines the organizations' strategies for change and how the historical, political, and social environments of their fields for protest shape these strategies. The struggles and achievements of women's activism against gender violence are analyzed with implications beyond the experiences of these organizations.

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“…How individuals are linked; and 8. Whether individuals can enter or exit voluntarily (Hudson, 2002;Kamat, 2003;Jafar, 2007;Jimena, 2008;Hannah, 2014).…”

Section: The Theory Of Collective Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%