Engaging Healthcare Providers to Help Mothers with Eating Disorders Create Healthy Eating Environments for Their Children

Abstract

Eating disorders (EDs), such as anorexia, bulimia, and bingeeating disorder, involve extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight, food, and body image, all of which can lead to destructive health consequences. While EDs have innumerable effects on affected individuals, less is known about the consequences for the offspring of childbearing women with past or current EDs. Children of mothers with EDs are at increased risk of various problems during gestation and childhood, including higher rates of miscarriage, cesarean-section deliveries, and stillbirth; greater likelihood of preterm delivery, small- or large-for-gestational-age, low or high birth weight, and growth disturbances; and lower likelihood of being breastfed. These children are also more likely to develop dysfunctional eating habits, behaviors, and attitudes throughout adolescence. Possible effects of maternal EDs on parenting include withholding food from children, using food to reward or punish, a preoccupation with weight interfering with the mother’s responsiveness to her child, failure to express positive attitudes toward eating, and higher tension during mealtimes. These risks are influenced by a variety of factors and the consequences for children are difficult to predict. Complicating matters, the foundations of an ED are established long before diagnosis. The familial setting provides a unique opportunity for integrated and concurrent primary and tertiary ED-prevention strategies for both child and mother. It is imperative for healthcare providers to consider the potential value of educational programs and support for mothers with EDs, as early intervention could interrupt the cycle of risk associated with eating disorders and their effects on the developing child.