Engine Efficiency Improvements Enabled by Ethanol Fuel Blends in a GDi VVA Flex Fuel Engine

Moore, W. G.; Foster, Matthew; Hoyer, Kevin

doi:10.4271/2011-01-0900

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The engine used in this study has been specifically developed for high-efficiency operation with ethanol [15]. The engine is a modified four-cylinder 2.0 L GM direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine with turbocharging, dual independent cam phasing, and a 2-step valve train that enables both early and late intake valve closing for unthrottled operation for most of the load range.…”

Section: Engine Specifications and Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends

Storey¹,

Lewis²,

Szybist³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines can offer improved fuel economy and higher performance over their port fuelinjected (PFI) counterparts, and are now appearing in increasingly more U.S. and European vehicles. Small displacement, turbocharged GDI engines are replacing large displacement engines, particularly in light-duty trucks and sport utility vehicles, in order for manufacturers to meet more stringent fuel economy standards. GDI engines typically emit the most particulate matter (PM) during periods of rich operation such as start-up and acceleration, and emissions of air toxics are also more likely during this condition. A 2.0 L GDI engine was operated at lambda of 0.91 at typical loads for acceleration (2600 rpm, 8 bar BMEP) on three different fuels; an 87 anti-knock index (AKI) gasoline (E0), 30% ethanol blended with the 87 AKI fuel (E30), and 48% isobutanol blended with the 87 AKI fuel. E30 was chosen to maximize octane enhancement while minimizing ethanol-blend level and iBu48 was chosen to match the same fuel oxygen level as E30. Particle size and number, organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC/EC), soot HC speciation, and aldehydes and ketones were all analyzed during the experiment. A new method for soot HC speciation is introduced using a direct, thermal desorption/pyrolysis inlet for the gas chromatograph (GC). Results showed high levels of aromatic compounds were present in the PM, including downstream of the catalyst, and the aldehydes were dominated by the alcohol blending.

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Section: Engine Specifications and Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends

Storey¹,

Lewis²,

Szybist³

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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“…al. 11 . examined the use of ethanol in a deactivated engine It was found that valve deactivation could improve combustion stability and efficiency at low load for ethanol blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact and observations of cylinder deactivation and reactivation in a downsized gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

Parker

Jiang

Butcher

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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Cylinder deactivation, sometimes referred to as variable displacement engine technology, is a method being employed in state-of-the-art reciprocating engines to improve fuel economy. The approach involves disabling the valve actuation of one or more cylinders to deactivate them, thus forcing the engine to operate at a higher specific load across the remaining cylinders to produce the torque demanded. Operating at such a point with an increased throttle opening reduces the engine’s pumping losses and hence reduces fuel consumption. In this work, the spray morphology, combustion and emissions of a three-cylinder downsized gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine with variable displacement engine capability on one cylinder were studied. This investigation allowed the interaction between the fuel spray, engine performance and emissions immediately following the reactivation of the deactivated cylinder to be better understood. Three operation modes were examined which included running the engine at full displacement, at the reduced displacement and at full displacement with increased indicated mean effective pressure, matching that of the reduced displacement mode. The study showed that cylinder deactivation significantly reduced specific fuel consumption at the conditions tested in comparison to full displacement operation. It was also found that when running the engine at full displacement but with the reduced displacement–level indicated mean effective pressure, the specific fuel consumption was greater than for reduced displacement operation. In addition, it was observed that particulate number emissions increase transiently during the deactivation period due to the disturbances to the fuelling control caused by displacement transitions. Improved fuelling control, refinement of the engine calibration during reduced displacement operation or a gasoline particulate filter could be used to manage this particulate number level.

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“…Gasoline direct injection (GDI) has been widely applied in the production SI engines at an increasing rate over the last two decades [11][12][13][14][15]. Unlike intake-manifold injection, GDI directly injects fuel into the air via an injector in the cylinder head.…”

Section: Gasoline Direct Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of each factor is shown from 8-14 to 8-18. Pumping loss was determined by the pumping work normalized by the fuel energy(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Calculation of other energy losses from factor 2 to factor 5 is shown between 8-15 and 8-18, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimization and Comparison of Over-Expanded and Other High Efficiency Four-Stroke Spark-Ignited Boosted Engines

Yang¹

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Engine Efficiency Improvements Enabled by Ethanol Fuel Blends in a GDi VVA Flex Fuel Engine

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends

Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends

Impact and observations of cylinder deactivation and reactivation in a downsized gasoline turbocharged direct injection engine

Optimization and Comparison of Over-Expanded and Other High Efficiency Four-Stroke Spark-Ignited Boosted Engines

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