Engine lubricating oil classification by SAE grade and source based on dielectric spectroscopy data

Guan, Lei; Feng, X.L.; Xiong, Guang

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.09.004

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, dielectric constant also varies with AC frequency and the variation of dielectric constant of a lubricant with frequency can provide information about the concentration and rotational mobility of its polar and polarisable molecules. The study of how dielectric constant varies with frequency is termed dielectric spectroscopy (DES) [150], which can be used to characterise base oil composition as well as oil degradation [151][152][153]. In practice, EIS and DES are closely related.…”

Section: Non-aqueous Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their main practical limitation lies in difficulty of interpretation, since most lubricants are complex blends of polar additives that even without degradation provide a complicated impedance spectrum, which can be interpreted fully only if the formulation composition is already known. The addition of ill-defined degradation products such as oxidation products adds to this complexity so that some developers are applying machine-learning and other expert systems to interpret and correlate electrical measurements with lubricant composition [152,153]. While this difficulty of interpretation limits the value of EIS and related measurements as research tools to study lubricants per se, it does not detract from their value as empirical ways to monitor changes in lubricant electrical properties resulting from ageing during use and that provide a measure of lubricant condition.…”

Section: Non-aqueous Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Spikes

2020

Tribol Lett

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Research on the effects of applied electrical potential on friction and wear, a topic sometimes termed “Triboelectrochemistry”, has been reviewed. Historically, most such research has focussed on aqueous lubricants, whose relatively high electrical conductivities enable use of three-electrode electrochemical kinetic techniques, in which the electrode potential at a single electrode | fluid interface is controlled relative to a suitable reference electrode. This has led to identification of several different mechanisms by which applied electrode potentials can influence friction and wear. Of these, the most practically important are: (i) promotion of adsorption/desorption of polar additives on tribological surfaces by controlling the latters’ surface charges; (ii) stimulation or suppression of redox reactions involving either oxygen or lubricant additives at tribological surfaces. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the effects of applied electrical potentials on rubbing contacts lubricated by non-aqueous lubricants, such as ester- and hydrocarbon-based oils. Two different approaches have been used to study this. In one, a DC potential difference in the mV to V range is applied directly across a thin film, lubricated contact to form a pair of electrode | fluid interfaces. This has been found to promote some additive reactions and to influence friction and wear. However, little systematic exploration has been reported of the underlying processes and generally the electrode potentials at the interfaces have not been well defined. The second approach is to increase the conductivity of non-aqueous lubricants by adding secondary electrolytes and/or using micro/nanoscale electrodes, to enable the use of three-electrode electrochemical methods at single metal | fluid interfaces, with reference and counter electrodes. A recent development has been the introduction of ionic liquids as both base fluids and lubricant additives. These have relatively high electrical conductivities, allowing control of applied electrode potentials of individual metal | fluid interfaces, again with reference and counter electrodes. The broadening use of “green”, aqueous-based lubricants also enlarges the possible future scope of applied electrode potentials in tribology. From research to date, there would appear to be considerable opportunities for using applied electrical potentials both to promote desirable and to supress unwanted lubricant interactions with rubbing surfaces, thereby improving the tribological performance of lubricated machine components. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Non-aqueous Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-aqueous Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Spikes

2020

Tribol Lett

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“…The focus study was on predicting the real time variation in wears of piston-ring surface, ring-groove and cylinder bore due to the engine oil. There were many types of engine oil that will influence the condition rate of engine components and it has been studies in [3]. In monitoring optical behavior, L. Guan et al (2008) focusing on identifying grade of engine oil whether on monograde or multigrade by using dielectric spectroscopy technique while [4] studies in different characteristics between virgin and recycled by using spectroscopic technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical behavior of transmission oil lubricant for degradation monitoring

Idros

Ali

Islam

2011

2011 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development

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The demand of on-line monitoring for lubricant oils are increasing in recent few years cause of the awareness of used engine oil pollution and economic factors. Therefore, many studies have been done to support the demand of the monitoring system and the current trend was focusing on the optical behavior of the lubricant by using spectrometer. In our research work, UV/VIS Spectrometer was employed to analyze the optical behavior of lubricant and the relation with real parameter of lubricant such as oxidation, Total Acid Number (TAN) and contamination. The sample of used transmission oil was taken in real time and based on different mileage. With the combination of spectroscopy method and statistical analysis, the main parameters in lubricant monitoring properties including TAN and contamination can be determined quantitatively. The result in this article shows that the lubricant degradation can be monitored by using spectroscopy approaches by determining the correct wavelength.

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“…Proper applications of lubricants increase the lifetime and efficiency of machinery and decrease long-term costs in terms of energy consumption, maintenance requirements and reduce operating temperatures [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of some ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil

et al. 2015

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In the present work, different ashless detergent/ dispersant additives were prepared via reaction of different primary amines with propylene oxide, and the products which obtained were reacted with different organic acids. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as antioxidants and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency, and the most efficient additives as antioxidant those prepared by using di-n-butyldithio phosphoric acid.

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Engine lubricating oil classification by SAE grade and source based on dielectric spectroscopy data

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Triboelectrochemistry: Influence of Applied Electrical Potentials on Friction and Wear of Lubricated Contacts

Optical behavior of transmission oil lubricant for degradation monitoring

Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of some ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil

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