Engineered Bioactive Polymeric Surfaces by Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization: Strategies and Applications

Abstract

The interest in developing antimicrobial surfaces is currently surging with the rise in global infectious disease events. Radiation-induced graft copolymerization (RIGC) is a powerful technique enabling permanent tunable and desired surface modifications imparting antimicrobial properties to polymer substrates to prevent disease transmission and provide safer biomaterials and healthcare products. This review aims to provide a broader perspective of the progress taking place in strategies for designing various antimicrobial polymeric surfaces using RIGC methods and their applications in medical devices, healthcare, textile, tissue engineering and food packing. Particularly, the use of UV, plasma, electron beam (EB) and γ-rays for biocides covalent immobilization to various polymers surfaces including nonwoven fabrics, films, nanofibers, nanocomposites, catheters, sutures, wound dressing patches and contact lenses is reviewed. The different strategies to enhance the grafted antimicrobial properties are discussed with an emphasis on the emerging approach of in-situ formation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in radiation grafted substrates. The current applications of the polymers with antimicrobial surfaces are discussed together with their future research directions. It is expected that this review would attract attention of researchers and scientists to realize the merits of RIGC in developing timely, necessary antimicrobial materials to mitigate the fast-growing microbial activities and promote hygienic lifestyles.

Polypropylene Graft Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Graft Poly(N-Vinylimidazole) as a Smart Material for pH-Controlled Drug Delivery

“…Although, the water drop contact angle showed that the surface of the PP-g-MMA was wet consistently as the contact angle decreased while the grafting degree increased. Overall, the swelling and contact angle results suggest an increase in the surface energy of the grafted films, being that suitable to use in drug release systems [34].…”

Polypropylene Graft Poly(methyl methacrylate) Graft Poly(N-vinylimidazole) as a Smart Material for pH-Controlled Drug Delivery

“…The water drop contact angle showed that the surface of the PP- g -MMA was wet consistently as the contact angle decreased while the grafting degree increased. Overall, the swelling and contact angle results suggest an increase in the surface energy of the grafted films and are suitable to use in drug release systems [ 38 ].…”

Comparison between effective compounds between peel and seeds of Capparis Spinosa

“…After 24 hours . Centrifugation the solution at 15000 rpm for 15 min, and then filtering by use filter paper (20) . Pour the solution into a dish and let it .…”