Engineered biochar from wood apple shell waste for high-efficient removal of toxic phenolic compounds in wastewater

Abstract

This study investigated a novel agricultural low-cost bio-waste biochar derived from wood apple fruit shell waste via the pyrolysis method, which is modified by ball milling and utilized to remove toxic phenol and chlorophenols (4-CPh and 2,4-DCPh) from contaminated aqueous media. The ball-milled wood apple fruit shell waste biochar (WAS-BC) sorbent was systematically analyzed by BET, CHN, and FTIR as well as particle size, SEM–EDS, XPS and TGA studies. The sorption equilibrium and kinetic studies exhibit that the sorption capacity was greater than 75% within the first 45 min of agitation at pH 6.0. The uptake capacity of 2,4-DCPh onto WAS-BC was greater than those of 4-CPh and phenol. Equilibrium results were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, while the kinetic data were best represented by the Elovich and pseudo-second-order model. The maximum uptake of phenol, 4-CPh, and 2,4-DCPh was 102.71, 172.24, and 226.55 mg/g, respectively, at 30 ± 1 °C. Thus, this study demonstrates that WAS-BC is an efficient, low-cost sorbent that can be used for the elimination of phenol and chlorophenol compounds from polluted wastewater.

High‐Efficiency Adsorptive Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Natural Red Clay and ZnO Nanoparticles

“…Hence, a repulsion force is present between the adsorbent surface and the phenolic anion. In the acidic medium, the H + ions concentration increases, causing the protonation of the anionic phenol to phenol molecule [43] . The phenol molecule, in this case, can adsorb more than the anion form on the clay surface; thus, the adsorption of the phenolic molecule is higher than the anionic form [4a,44] .…”

“…The ZnO nanoparticle and natural red clay gave maximum removal of 99.46 and 99.40 % at minimum dosage amounts 0.03 and 0.05 g, respectively. A phenol removal decrease following an adsorbent dose increase may be explained by the reduction of distribution efficiency of the adsorbent; its amount increment leads to the agglomeration of the adsorbent and hindering the active sites [44a,46] . In calculating the amount of phenol uptakes per gram of adsorbent (q e ) using eq.…”

“…In the acidic medium, the H + ions concentration increases, causing the protonation of the anionic phenol to phenol molecule. [43] The phenol molecule, in this case, can adsorb more than the anion form on the clay surface; thus, the adsorption of the phenolic molecule is higher than the anionic form. [4a,44] In a basic medium, the concentration of OH À ions increases, which competes with phenol anion and reduces removal percent.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Ag-Biochar Composite for Sono-Adsorption of Phenol

“…Pollution from toxic contaminants is a significant concern among environmental issues of the 21st century due to various industrial activities and rapid development (Auwal et al, 2018;Rene et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2021). Being an important raw material, phenol has been used for many industrial and nonindustrial purposes (Mohammed et al, 2018;Kalogianni et al, 2020).…”

Degradation of 2-chlorophenol From Aqueous Solution by Soybean Residue Biochar Supported Sulfide-modified Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Activated Persulfate

“…To improve stability, various porous media (e.g., coal y ash (Chen et al, 2018), clay minerals (Li et al, 2016), carbon-based materials (Pirsaheb et al, 2018)) have been applied as supports of nZVI to boost their reactivity. Biochar (BC) is considered one of the best carriers for nZVI due to its low cost, porous structure, and high surface area (Hao et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2021). However, this method is characterized by low degradation e ciency due to slow electron transfer rate and passivation induced by biochar (Dong et al, 2018;Vogel et al, 2019).…”