Engineered Cell‐Derived Microparticles Bi₂Se₃/DOX@MPs for Imaging Guided Synergistic Photothermal/Low‐Dose Chemotherapy of Cancer

Abstract

Cell‐derived microparticles, which are recognized as nanosized phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles, have exhibited great potential to serve as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. However, for the purpose of comprehensive therapy, microparticles decorated with multiple therapeutic components are needed, but effective engineering strategies are limited and still remain enormous challenges. Herein, Bi2Se3 nanodots and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) co‐embedded tumor cell‐derived microparticles (Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs) are successfully constructed through ultraviolet light irradiation‐induced budding of parent cells which are preloaded with Bi2Se3 nanodots and DOX via electroporation. The multifunctional microparticles are obtained with high controllability and drug‐loading capacity without unfavorable membrane surface destruction, maintaining their excellent intrinsic biological behaviors. Through membrane fusion cellular internalization, Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs show enhanced cellular internalization and deepened tumor penetration, resulting in extreme cell damage in vitro without considering endosomal escape. Because of their distinguished photothermal performance and tumor homing target capability, Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs exhibit admirable dual‐modal imaging capacity and outstanding tumor suppression effect. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, intravenous injection of Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs into H22 tumor‐bearing mice results in remarkably synergistic antitumor efficacy by combining photothermal therapy with low‐dose chemotherapy in vivo. Furthermore, the negligible hemolytic activity, considerable metabolizability, and low systemic toxicity of Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs imply their distinguished biocompatibility and great potential for tumor theranostics.

Targeted Myoglobin Delivery as a Strategy for Enhancing the Sensitivity of Hypoxic Cancer Cells to Radiation

“…Given the notable uptake of the 3ADI-Mb-TATA549 particles by mammalian cells, we believe it is possible for them to reach the tumor tissues. There are indeed some studies showing that microparticles could accumulate in tumor (Wang et al, 2020). At present, we think the main hurdle preventing our particles from successful tumor penetration via intravenous (i.v.)…”

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy

“…Bi 2 Se 3 /DOX@MPs show synergistic antitumor efficacy by combining PTT with low‐dose chemotherapy. [ 141 ] These findings suggest that engineered EVs provide an efficient and safe delivery system for targeted PTT of cancers.…”

Degradable and Excretable Ultrasmall Transition Metal Selenide Nanodots for High‐Performance Computed Tomography Bioimaging‐Guided Photonic Tumor Nanomedicine in NIR‐II Biowindow

“…Previous exploration on theranostic nanosystems with both photothermal‐conversion and bioimaging functions dominantly concentrated on noble‐metal, [ 23–26 ] transition metal chalcogenide, [ 27–29 ] nanocarbons, [ 30,31 ] 2D, [ 32–34 ] and organic‐conjugated polymeric nanosystems. [ 35–37 ] To date, however, owing to laborious synthesis methods, low NIR‐II light absorption, and large size, the theranostic nanosystems exhibit desirable photonic hyperthermia at NIR‐II biowindow are still rare, [ 38–40 ] which are mainly limited to several nanosystems.…”

“…and sensitive imaging signals [e.g., X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging], and generate hyperthermia effect (temperature of higher than 42 °C) triggered by NIR-II laser, are the desirable candidate theranostic nanoplatforms for bioimaging-guided photonic hyperthermia. [18][19][20][21][22] Previous exploration on theranostic nanosystems with both photothermal-conversion and bioimaging functions dominantly concentrated on noble-metal, [23][24][25][26] transition metal chalcogenide, [27][28][29] nanocarbons, [30,31] 2D, [32][33][34] and organic-conjugated polymeric nanosystems. [35][36][37] To date, however, owing to laborious synthesis methods, low NIR-II light absorption, and large size, the theranostic nanosystems exhibit desirable photonic hyperthermia at NIR-II biowindow are still rare, [38][39][40] which are mainly limited to several nanosystems.…”