Engineered Electroactive Solutions for Electrochemical Detection of Tuberculosis-Associated Volatile Organic Biomarkers

Integration of Electrochemical Sensing and Machine Learning to Detect Tuberculosis via Methyl Nicotinate in Patient Breath

“…An examination of the current response of the spiked breath mimics, showed a distinct ‘Shoulder peak’ at a low concentration of MN (0.1 mM) along with three other peaks (Figure 4). These features represent specific oxidation/reduction reactions that occur for Cu under SWV as published in our prior work [6]. For example, Peak 1 is theorized to represent Cu 2+ ↔ Cu + , Peak 2 is Cu 2+ ↔ Cu 0 and Peak 3, Cu + ↔ Cu 0 .…”

“…For example, Peak 1 is theorized to represent Cu 2+ ↔ Cu + , Peak 2 is Cu 2+ ↔ Cu 0 and Peak 3, Cu + ↔ Cu 0 . We observed in our prior work and in our breath mimics that the current associated with these peaks vary in relation to MN concentration, with reductions in relative current values in both the ‘Shoulder Peak’ and ‘Peak 2’ exceeding 25% and 20%, respectively [6]. While the mimic data was used to guide the feature extraction process, this data was not used to train or test the patient data.…”

“…Key peaks for redox reactions between MN and Cu were previously identified using SWV from our prior work [6]. Utilizing spiked samples containing 0.1mM MN, we examined the changes in more detail and measured differences between daily blanks and clinical samples.…”

“…FWe previously reported the successful detection of the TB biomarker methyl-nicotinate (MN) using copper as the electroactive solution (EAS) [6]. MN is semi-volatile and thus liquid phase detection, rather than gas phase detection, is preferable [7].…”