Engineered pixels using active plasmonic holograms with liquid crystals

Williams, Calum; Montelongo, Yunuen; Tenorio-Pearl, Jaime Oscar; Cabrero-Vilatela, Andrea; Hofmann, Stephan; Milne, W. I.; Wilkinson, Timothy D.

doi:10.1002/pssr.201409524

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Through appropriate design and material choice, the plasmonic resonance—and subsequent scattering spectra—of metallic nanostructures can be tuned . With arrays of tailored scatterers, “surfaces” can be engineered which exhibit a specific spectral and polarization response detectable in the far‐field . Figure illustrates the underpinnings of the proposed metalens operation.…”

Section: Diffractive Metalensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmonic Metalens for Narrowband Dual‐Focus Imaging

Williams

Montelongo

Wilkinson

2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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toolbox for a plethora of applications in reduced form factors. [2] With the continual shrinking of optical systems-from the macro-to-micro optical realms [2] -the inevitable form factor reduction of DOEs leads to two important disadvantages, which arise from their diffractive nature. The first is a result of the relatively large dimensions necessary to observe diffraction. According to the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), [3] to observe a considerable wave perturbation, features with dimensions ⩾ λ/2 are necessary. Although the GTD predicts arbitrary numerical apertures (NA), the physical dimension to produce diffraction imposes a physical constraint. [4] The second disadvantage arises from the lack of functionality of the diffractive structures, which are restricted in order to create constructive interference at the focal point. In recent years, the advent of nanophotonic devices-based on the control of the optical wavefront over subwavelength length scales-has opened up a new class of planar optical element: the metasurface. [5][6][7][8][9] Optical metasurfaces present a route toward enhancing the DOE further, whereby the control of highly localized optical fields across the element can impart additional optical functionality such as amplitude, wavelength, polarization, and phase modulation. [5,6,9,10] The unique light-matter interaction with nanostructured metals leads to the excitation of localized surface plasmon polari tons, resulting in highly pronounced and tunable scattering cross-sections. [5,[11][12][13] With noble metals, this behavior occurs at visible wavelengths [12,14] and through tailored arrays of such subwavelength scatterers (metasurfaces) arbitrary control of the optical wavefront is possible. A myriad of metasurface devices have been previously demonstrated, including beam shapers, polarizers, and lenses, referred to as metalenses. [9,[15][16][17][18] Previous work, either metallic(plasmon-based) or, more recently, dielectric-based metasurfaces, generally aim to mimic functionality of conventional broadband optical elements but through ultrathin form factors, termed flat optics. [8,9,[19][20][21] However, utilization of the unique optical properties of metallic-or-dielectricbased nanoscale resonators [9] -such as strong wavelength or polarization dependence-in combination with well established DOEs, for more elaborate design schemes, has great potential.In this work, we introduce a plasmonic-enhanced metalens which has the ability to selectively focus light of a certain wavelength, to two different focal planes, depending on polarization state. Through tailored arrays of ultrathin plasmonic nanostructures on silicon, we experimentally demonstrate two types of reflective metalens: a Fresnel zone plate and a photon sieve; with dual-focusing capability, dependent

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Section: Diffractive Metalensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure a,b illustrates the metalens design process. The spatially varying binary transmittance function for each zone plate is calculated, spatially discretized and sampled with the anisotropic elements . For overlapping zone plates, the respective structures are orthogonal and separated by ⪆100 nm to avoid crosstalk .…”

Section: Diffractive Metalensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Metalens for Narrowband Dual‐Focus Imaging

Williams

Montelongo

Wilkinson

2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Binary amplitude computer generated holograms (CGHs) encoded with plasmonic nanostructures, shown in Figure 8, are designed using methodologies described in previous work [2,36] and fabricated on ITO-glass using the conditions described above. Figure 8 (c) shows the target diffraction pattern (replay-field) associated with each hologram.…”

Section: Plasmonic Hologramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, plasmonic-enhanced devices, whereby dimensions are highly sub-wavelength, have recently gained a wealth of interest, offering unique functionality in novel optical devices including plasmonic color filters, metasurfaces, holographic elements etc. [1][2][3][4][5]. Surface plasmons (SPs) are collective free-electron oscillations at metal-dielectric interfaces, excited through the applied electric field of incident radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of nanostructured transmissive optical devices on ITO-glass with UV1116 photoresist using high-energy electron beam lithography

Williams

Bartholomew²,

Rughoobur³

et al. 2016

Nanotechnology

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High-energy electron beam lithography for patterning nanostructures on insulating substrates can be challenging. For high resolution, conventional resists require large exposure doses and for reasonable throughput, using typical beam currents leads to charge dissipation problems. Here, we use UV1116 photoresist (Dow Chemical Company), designed for photolithographic technologies, with a relatively low area dose at a standard operating current (80 kV, 40-50 μC cm, 1 nAs) to pattern over large areas on commercially coated ITO-glass cover slips. The minimum linewidth fabricated was ∼33 nm with 80 nm spacing; for isolated structures, ∼45 nm structural width with 50 nm separation. Due to the low beam dose, and nA current, throughput is high. This work highlights the use of UV1116 photoresist as an alternative to conventional e-beam resists on insulating substrates. To evaluate suitability, we fabricate a range of transmissive optical devices, that could find application for customized wire-grid polarisers and spectral filters for imaging, which operate based on the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons in nanosized geometries, with arrays encompassing areas ∼0.25 cm.

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“…Furthermore, these imaging techniques have been primarily associated with the holographic display, which is a type of display that utilizes light diffraction to create a virtual 3D image of an object, has been rapidly popularized in recent years. There are many different experimental methods to create a theoretical framework for investigating of finding ways in displaying hologram image by means of holographic techniques based on combining pixels utilizing liquid crystals technology and computer‐generated based hologram with the incorporation of high‐performance graphics processing unit to create fluid displays or even sharp holographic images. However, the holographic technologies still have some disadvantages for commercial purposes, such as the need to improve the video‐rate so that the viewer does not experience any lag or flicker problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microring conjugate mirror design and simulation for naked‐eye 3D imaging application

Pornsuwancharoen

Youplao

Tamee

et al. 2018

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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We present a design of micro‐conjugate mirror using a nonlinear microring resonator, which is made of GaAsInP/P, is rapidly achieving widespread option in several three‐dimensional (3D) imaging applications. By exploiting the conjugate mirror properties, the 3D light probes can be formed by the whispering gallery modes (WGM) in which the WGM probe is also available within a nonlinear microring resonator. It is important to understand, these light probes use the similar functional principle to provide structured light through the object, just as the reference beams to light up and develop a hologram using the holographic method. The interference of 2 beams constructs the 3D image which can be seen by the naked‐eye while providing the 3D perception. The simulation results obtained from the transmission of 3D imaging are processed using MATLAB and OptiFDTD are compared and analyzed. These convincing theoretical results suggest that the proposed method can be used in practice to realize the naked‐eye 3D imaging with convincing visual perception and efficient transmission while providing the ultimate mode of convenience for viewers.

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Engineered pixels using active plasmonic holograms with liquid crystals

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Plasmonic Metalens for Narrowband Dual‐Focus Imaging

Plasmonic Metalens for Narrowband Dual‐Focus Imaging

Fabrication of nanostructured transmissive optical devices on ITO-glass with UV1116 photoresist using high-energy electron beam lithography

A microring conjugate mirror design and simulation for naked‐eye 3D imaging application

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