Engineered Streambeds for Induced Hyporheic Flow: Enhanced Removal of Nutrients, Pathogens, and Metals from Urban Streams

Herzog, Skuyler; Higgins, Christopher; McCray, John E.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001012

Cited by 45 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This natural system focus, referred to as green infrastructure, uses best management practices (BMPs) to create urban functional systems that mimic predevelopment hydrology, while managing and treating stormwater in a distributed manner (Bosley, ; Dietz, ; Newcomer, Gurdak, Sklar, & Nanus, ; Roy et al, ). Over the last 2 decades, studies have developed and improved individual BMPs (Bratieres, Fletcher, Deletic, & Zinger, ; Grebel et al, ; Herzog, Higgins, & McCray, ), but understanding their impact at larger scales remains a barrier to effective deployment (Bhaskar, Welty, Maxwell, & Miller, ; Jayasooriya & NG, ; Lopez & Maxwell, ; Newcomer et al, ). Model‐based studies provide efficient methods for discussing complicated hydrologic problems in urban areas that can be modified and applied to multiple watersheds versus empirical studies; they have been used to study predevelopment and postdevelopment hydrological processes and can assess BMP effectiveness (Yao, Wei, & Chen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of distributed BMPs in an urban watershed—High resolution modeling for stormwater management

Fry

Maxwell²,

McCray³

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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The urban environment modifies the hydrologic cycle resulting in increased runoff rates, volumes, and peak flows. Green infrastructure, which uses best management practices (BMPs), is a natural system approach used to mitigate the impacts of urbanization onto stormwater runoff. Patterns of stormwater runoff from urban environments are complex, and it is unclear how efficiently green infrastructure will improve the urban water cycle. These challenges arise from issues of scale, the merits of BMPs depend on changes to small‐scale hydrologic processes aggregated up from the neighborhood to the urban watershed. Here, we use a hyper‐resolution (1 m), physically based hydrologic model of the urban hydrologic cycle with explicit inclusion of the built environment. This model represents the changes to hydrology at the BMP scale (~1 m) and represents each individual BMP explicitly to represent response over the urban watershed. Our study varies both the percentage of BMP emplacement and their spatial location for storm events of increasing intensity in an urban watershed. We develop a metric of effectiveness that indicates a nonlinear relationship that is seen between percent BMP emplacement and storm intensity. Results indicate that BMP effectiveness varies with spatial location and that type and emplacement within the urban watershed may be more important than overall percent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of distributed BMPs in an urban watershed—High resolution modeling for stormwater management

Fry

Maxwell²,

McCray³

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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“…Water and mass move from the stream to the sediment in high‐pressure regions (downwelling zones) and from the sediment to the stream in low‐pressure regions (upwelling zones). Hyporheic exchange can also occur due to variations in streambed hydraulic conductivity [ Herzog et al ., ], bed form migration [ Rutherford et al ., ; Elliott and Brooks , , ; Ahmerkamp et al ., ], and bioirrigation [ Vaughn and Hakenkamp , ; Meysman et al ., , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient groundwater flow diminishes nitrate processing in the hyporheic zone of streams

Azizian

Boano

Cook

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Modeling and experimental studies demonstrate that ambient groundwater reduces hyporheic exchange, but the implications of this observation for stream N‐cycling is not yet clear. Here we utilize a simple process‐based model (the Pumping and Streamline Segregation or PASS model) to evaluate N‐cycling over two scales of hyporheic exchange (fluvial ripples and riffle‐pool sequences), ten ambient groundwater and stream flow scenarios (five gaining and losing conditions and two stream discharges), and three biogeochemical settings (identified based on a principal component analysis of previously published measurements in streams throughout the United States). Model‐data comparisons indicate that our model provides realistic estimates for direct denitrification of stream nitrate, but overpredicts nitrification and coupled nitrification‐denitrification. Riffle‐pool sequences are responsible for most of the N‐processing, despite the fact that fluvial ripples generate 3–11 times more hyporheic exchange flux. Across all scenarios, hyporheic exchange flux and the Damköhler Number emerge as primary controls on stream N‐cycling; the former regulates trafficking of nutrients and oxygen across the sediment‐water interface, while the latter quantifies the relative rates of organic carbon mineralization and advective transport in streambed sediments. Vertical groundwater flux modulates both of these master variables in ways that tend to diminish stream N‐cycling. Thus, anthropogenic perturbations of ambient groundwater flows (e.g., by urbanization, agricultural activities, groundwater mining, and/or climate change) may compromise some of the key ecosystem services provided by streams.

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“…The organic carbon (OC) and nutrients carried by the RW and GW mix in the HZ and stimulate strong microbial activities which, in coupling with dynamic flows, lead to complex coupling of hydrology and biogeochemistry. The hydro-biogeochemistry controls the cycling of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate, the migration and propagation of pathogens, and the transformation and attenuation of heavy metals and contaminants (Boulton et al, 1998;Herzog et al, 2016;Siergieiev et al, 2014). The HZ biogeochemical functions such as attenuating and removing contaminants have been increasingly recognized in the research community (e.g., Biksey & Gross, 2001;Gandy et al, 2007;Herzog et al, 2016;Lawrence et al, 2013;Palumbo-Roe et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydro-biogeochemistry controls the cycling of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate, the migration and propagation of pathogens, and the transformation and attenuation of heavy metals and contaminants (Boulton et al, 1998;Herzog et al, 2016;Siergieiev et al, 2014). The HZ biogeochemical functions such as attenuating and removing contaminants have been increasingly recognized in the research community (e.g., Biksey & Gross, 2001;Gandy et al, 2007;Herzog et al, 2016;Lawrence et al, 2013;Palumbo-Roe et al, 2017). Landmeyer et al (2010) found that several fuel oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-butyl alcohol, and tert-amyl methyl ether) in GW were attenuated by 71% on average along a 1.5-m vertical interval of the HZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐Based Analysis of the Effects of Dam‐Induced River Water and Groundwater Interactions on Hydro‐Biogeochemical Transformation of Redox Sensitive Contaminants in a Hyporheic Zone

Yang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone (HZ) may retard the contaminants migration from groundwater to the river and vice versa. Anthropogenic activities may further complicate such processes. This study investigated the effects of dam‐induced hydrodynamics on biogeochemical transformation of contaminants using Cr as an example in the HZ of the Columbia River at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. The flow velocities in the HZ were first simulated using the measured or averaged groundwater level and river stage at hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly time scales. The flow velocities were then incorporated into a reactive transport model with independently characterized biogeochemical reactions and kinetics. Simulation results indicated that hydrodynamics can significantly influence the rate and extent of Cr (VI) biogeochemical transformation, which was mainly controlled by the kinetic reduction of Cr (VI) to sparely soluble Cr (III) by sediment‐associated Fe (II) that can be regenerated by microorganisms with organic carbon as electron donor. The frequent flow direction reversals in the HZ induced by dam operations enhanced the rate of microbial consumption of bioavailable OC, which, if there was no organic carbon supply, can eventually terminate the Fe (II) regeneration mechanism and exhaust the HZ's redox capacity in reducing Cr (VI) to Cr (III). This study demonstrated the importance of hydrodynamics on biogeochemical transformation of contaminants in the HZ and of the time scales used in assessing the reactive transport of chemicals and contaminants in the HZ as the net supply of redox sensitive chemicals such as dissolved oxygen into the HZ is a function of the frequency of flow direction reversal.

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Engineered Streambeds for Induced Hyporheic Flow: Enhanced Removal of Nutrients, Pathogens, and Metals from Urban Streams

Cited by 45 publications

References 70 publications

Evaluation of distributed BMPs in an urban watershed—High resolution modeling for stormwater management

Evaluation of distributed BMPs in an urban watershed—High resolution modeling for stormwater management

Ambient groundwater flow diminishes nitrate processing in the hyporheic zone of streams

Model‐Based Analysis of the Effects of Dam‐Induced River Water and Groundwater Interactions on Hydro‐Biogeochemical Transformation of Redox Sensitive Contaminants in a Hyporheic Zone

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