Engineering a tandem leaching system for the highly selective recycling of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries

Chen, Linlin; Chao, Yanhong; Li, Xiaowei; Zhou, Guolang; Lu, Qingqiang; Hua, Mingqing; Li, Hongping; Ni, Xiao‐Guang; Wu, Peiwen; Zhu, Wenshuai

doi:10.1039/d0gc03820b

Cited by 141 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…First, H + in H 2 C 2 O 4 replaces Li in LiCoO 2 to form H–Co III O 2 . With the leaching of Li, the crystal structure of LiCoO 2 was destroyed and more Co III in the residue was exposed to reductive C 2 O 4 2– , following which the redox reaction occurred to produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and Co II . There were abundant Cl – in DES, and the Cl – can easily coordinate with Co II to form [CoCl 4 ] 2– , which promoted the transformation from Co III to Co II .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Convenient Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries by a One-Pot Extraction Process

Chen

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Spent Li-ion battery (LIB) recovery has become the hot research area due to its surge in quantity and release of heavy metals and toxic substances harmful to the environment. Green and efficient recovery methods are of great significance for the recovery of valuable metals. Herein, an oxalic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) with the weak acidic character and reducibility of oxalic acid was designed for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs via a sustainable and convenient process. Nearly 96.1% of Li and 96.3% of Co can be extracted from lithium cobalt oxide at 120 °C. The DES can extract valuable metals from cathode materials and separate metal ions by itself after extraction without destroying its own structure in a one-pot extraction process. The composition and the structure of DES have been maximum retained and could be intact recycled for another recovery process. After five cycles, the Li and Co extraction efficiencies were maintained above 92.9 and 74.5%, respectively. This work provides a sustainable one-pot recovery process with inexpensive and simple operations for valuable metal recovery from spent LIBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Convenient Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries by a One-Pot Extraction Process

Chen

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Combinations with organic acids are possible as well. For example, Chen et al (2021) evaluated the formic acid, and its derived DES (DES-f) prepared to mix C 5 H 14 ClNO and formic acid in molar ratio of 2:1 at 80 • C for 3 h. But, first, Li was extracted using formic acid at 90 • C and 12 h, and DES-f was used for Co leaching at 70 • C [134]. Thus, despite the scarce literature about DES for Li-ion battery recycling and waste electronics, exciting results have justified the development and improvements to design pilot-scale processes.…”

Section: Deep Eutectic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review

Botelho

Stopić

Friedrich

et al. 2021

Metals

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The increasing demand for Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles sheds light upon the Co supply chain. The metal is crucial to the cathode of these batteries, and the leading global producer is the D.R. Congo (70%). For this reason, it is considered critical/strategic due to the risk of interruption of supply in the short and medium term. Due to the increasing consumption for the transportation market, the batteries might be considered a secondary source of Co. The outstanding amount of spent batteries makes them to a core of urban mining warranting special attention. Greener technologies for Co recovery are necessary to achieve sustainable development. As a result of these sourcing challenges, this study is devoted to reviewing the techniques for Co recovery, such as acid leaching (inorganic and organic), separation (solvent extraction, ion exchange resins, and precipitation), and emerging technologies—ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvent, supercritical fluids, nanotechnology, and biohydrometallurgy. A dearth of research in emerging technologies for Co recovery from Li-ion batteries is discussed throughout the manuscript within a broader overview. The study is strictly connected to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) number 7, 8, 9, and 12.

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“…Higher than 10 mg cm –3 thiourea could also lead to 100% mortality of three mutants of Drosophila melanogaster, i.e., ebony, sooty, and black . A tandem-leaching strategy was used to improve the Co and Li leaching efficiency; however, the process was also complicated and time-consuming . DES p -toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PSA):ChCl (1:1) could dissolve Co from LCO with a 9.13% leaching efficiency (80 °C and 24 h). , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Improvement in Dissolving Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes Using Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents at Low Temperature

Chen

Wang

Bai

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Mild and green dissolution of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) with high efficiency is challenging. Here, novel DESs based on poly(ethylene glycol) 200 and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate are designed and found to dissolve LCO with nearly a 100% leaching efficiency at 100 °C within 24 h, which is much higher than the leaching efficiency by DESs in the reported references. The dissolution mechanism investigation shows that the interaction between DESs and LCO is a physical process. This work provides a new strategy for the mild and efficient dissolution of LCO by cheap and green solvents.

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Engineering a tandem leaching system for the highly selective recycling of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries

Abstract: With the rapid development of lithium-ion batteries (LIB), selective recovery of lithium and other valuable metals from spent LIBs is in urgent need because of the shortage of Li and...

Cited by 141 publications

References 73 publications

Sustainable and Convenient Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries by a One-Pot Extraction Process

Sustainable and Convenient Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Li-Ion Batteries by a One-Pot Extraction Process

Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review

Significant Improvement in Dissolving Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes Using Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents at Low Temperature

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