Engineering applications of chemically-bonded phosphate ceramics

Abstract

Phosphate cements originated more than a century ago for specific applications to the field of dentistry. These cements have other applications including: biomaterials with bone applications, stabilization of hazardous waste, and structural cements. However, the applications in civil infrastructure are recent and not widely known. Therefore, this review discusses and analyzes phosphate cements, presenting the most significant findings of the research to address their mechanical behavior of these cements. It also describes the impact and application of phosphate cements as a structural product (pastes, mortars and concretes), in addition to typical values of mechanical strength, workability, commercial applications, etc. As a result, the review allows to elucidate advantages and disadvantages in comparison with existing technologies and the mechanical possibilities of these cements as biomaterials and for the immobilization of radioactive waste.

Calcium aluminate cement-based blends for application to fill in bone defects

“…Injectable oxides are originated from chemically bonded ceramics (CBC), whose setting behavior is controlled by specific chemical reactions that can take place at room temperature (Cárdenas-Balaguera and Gómez-Botero 2019) as CAC (Engqvist et al 2004). Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is also a CBC and can be mixed with an aqueous liquid to form a paste that can be placed in the bone cavity to generate hydroxyapatite (Xu et al 2006;Chang et al 2020;Asadollahzadeh et al 2019;Liu et al 2019, Cárdenas-Balaguera;Gómez-Botero 2019). CAC-based biomaterials have similar chemistry to CPC-based bone cement and have been pointed out as a promising path for bone regeneration (Mohammadi et al 2019;Vasconcellos et al 2020).…”