Engineering approaches for effective therapeutic applications based on extracellular vesicles

Kwon, Seunglee; Shin, Sol; Do, Minjae; Oh, Bong Ryoul; Song, Yeari; Bui, Van; Lee, Eun Sook; Jo, Dong Gyu; Cho, Yong Woo; Kim, Deok Ho; Park, Jae Hyung

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.062

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…These small vesicles were shown to have an enormous potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic agents [ 68 , 69 , 71 , 214 ]. Several studies explored the application EVs to halt disease progression or even engineered them to act as reservoirs for therapeutic agents [ 215 ]. Although substantial breakthroughs were made in the field, several drawbacks remain to be surpassed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Neurodegeneration Spreading

et al. 2021

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Microglial cells are the neuroimmune competent cells of the central nervous system. In the adult, microglia are responsible for screening the neuronal parenchyma searching for alterations in homeostasis. Chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the onset and progression of several disorders in the brain and retina. Microglial cell reactivity occurs in an orchestrated manner and propagates across the neural parenchyma spreading the neuroinflammatory signal from cell to cell. Extracellular vesicles are important vehicles of intercellular communication and act as message carriers across boundaries. Extracellular vesicles can be subdivided in several categories according to their cellular origin (apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes), each presenting, different but sometimes overlapping functions in cell communication. Mounting evidence suggests a role for extracellular vesicles in regulating microglial cell action. Herein, we explore the role of microglial extracellular vesicles as vehicles for cell communication and the mechanisms that trigger their release. In this review we covered the role of microglial extracellular vesicles, focusing on apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes, in the context of neurodegeneration and the impact of these vesicles derived from other cells in microglial cell reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Neurodegeneration Spreading

et al. 2021

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“…In recent years it has been demonstrated that EVs isolated from the secretome (conditioned medium) of stem/progenitor cells possess innate therapeutic properties as regenerative, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory tools [ 72 ]. Moreover, they are considered in the drug delivery research area for the possibility to be loaded with a therapeutic cargo and edited for targeted therapy [ 72 ].…”

Section: Ev-based Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools: From Pre-Clinical to Clinical Applications

Ciferri

Quarto

Tasso

2021

Biology

123

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ubiquitous masters of intercellular communication, being detectable in tissues, circulation, and body fluids. Their complex cargo reflects the (patho)physiologic status of the cells from which they originate. Due to these properties, the potential of EVs, and in particular exosomes, to serve as biomarkers or therapeutics has grown exponentially over the past decade. On one side, numerous studies have demonstrated that EV-associated nucleic acids and proteins are implicated in cancer progression, as well as neurodegenerative, infectious, and autoimmune disorders. On the other, the therapeutic use of EVs secreted by various cell types, and in particular stem/progenitor cells, present significant advantages in comparison to the corresponding parental cells, such as the less complex production and storage conditions. In this review, we examine some of the major pre-clinical studies dealing with EVs and exosomes, that led to the development of numerous completed clinical trials.

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“…Recently, the study of exosomes moved from their pathophysiological role to a therapeutic use based on stem cells. The EVs can be innate biotherapeutics, while cellular preconditioning is a promising method of advancing the production of therapeutic EVs [141]. The exosomes have been reported to be stable and to resist degradation in biological fluids, protecting their content attaining the target [142].…”

Section: Antibacterial Exosomes As Future Biomedicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exosomes have been reported to be stable and to resist degradation in biological fluids, protecting their content attaining the target [142]. Generally, since EVs display low immunogenicity, are non-mutagenic [141], and have great physiochemical stability, they will be promising protagonists of future nanomedicine [141]. Considering the therapeutic effects exerted by MSCs, the development of an EV-based approach aspired to translate their anti-inflammatory agents into a future nanosized treatment for inflammation-related conditions [128].…”

Section: Antibacterial Exosomes As Future Biomedicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Tools for Enhanced Characterization of Therapeutic Stem Cells and Prediction of Their Potential Antimicrobial Secretome

Marrazzo

Pizzuti

Zia³

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

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Antibiotic resistance is creating enormous attention on the development of new antibiotic-free therapy strategies for bacterial diseases. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising candidates in current clinical trials and included in several cell-therapy protocols. Together with the well-known immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of the MSC secretome, these cells have shown direct and indirect anti-bacterial effects. However, the low reproducibility and standardization of MSCs from different sources are the current limitations prior to the purification of cell-free secreted antimicrobial peptides and exosomes. In order to improve MSC characterization, novel label-free functional tests, evaluating the biophysical properties of the cells, will be advantageous for their cell profiling, population sorting, and quality control. We discuss the potential of emerging microfluidic technologies providing new insights into density, shape, and size of live cells, starting from heterogeneous or 3D cultured samples. The prospective application of these technologies to studying MSC populations may contribute to developing new biopharmaceutical strategies with a view to naturally overcoming bacterial defense mechanisms.

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Engineering approaches for effective therapeutic applications based on extracellular vesicles

Cited by 60 publications

References 146 publications

Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Neurodegeneration Spreading

Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Neurodegeneration Spreading

Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools: From Pre-Clinical to Clinical Applications

Microfluidic Tools for Enhanced Characterization of Therapeutic Stem Cells and Prediction of Their Potential Antimicrobial Secretome

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