Engineering aspects of hydrazine-air fuel-cell power systems

Andrew, M. R.; Gressler, W. J.; Johnson, Joseph M.; Short, R. T.; Williams, Keith R.

doi:10.1007/bf00615280

“…During the decade from 1962 to 1972, a large volume of work on hydrazine-air fuel cells was done in the Shell research center in the United Kingdom (Andrew et al, 1972). Highly active hydrazine electrodes were developed on supports of expanded nickel mesh receiving additional surface activation.…”

Section: Alkaline Hydrazine Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Fuel Cells

2012

Fuel Cells

0

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“…A number of fuel-cell power systems based on the electrocatalytic oxidation have been proposed for direct hydrazine-air [135][136][137] or even hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide [135,138] …”

Section: Use In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Batonneau

¹

,

Kappenstein

²

,

Keim

³

2008

Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis

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The sections in this article are Introduction Energetic Compounds Propellants Gas generators Explosive Materials Ignition systems Scope of the Chapter, and Literature Data Units Some Propulsion Elements A Short Introduction to Propulsion Theory Comparison of Propulsion Types and Propellants Propulsion System Types Propellants Advantages of Catalytic Propulsion A Brief History of Rocketry and Catalytic Propulsion The Current Supremacy of Hydrazine Introduction Catalysts Heterogeneous Catalysis: General Studies Mechanistic Considerations A Literature Overview B Thermodynamic Data C Isotope‐Related Studies D Single‐Crystal Studies E Catalytic Cycle Proposals Iridium‐Based Industrial Catalysts A Shell 405 Catalyst ( USA ) B K ali C hemie KC 12 GA Catalyst ( G ermany) C C nesro Catalyst ( F rance) D GIPKh Catalysts (former USSR ) New Hydrazine Decomposition Catalysts Homogeneous Catalysis and Coordination Chemistry of Hydrazine Applications of Hydrazine Catalytic Decomposition Gas Generators Use in Fuel Cells Corrosion Protection Drawbacks of Hydrazine “Green” Propellants as Hydrazine Replacements Introduction Energetic Aqueous Ionic Liquids Thermal Decomposition Catalytic Decomposition of HAN , ADN , and HNF A Hydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate ( HAN ) B Hydrazinium NitroFormate ( HNF ) C Ammonium DiNitramide ( ADN ) Development of Tools for Catalyst Evaluation The Comeback of Hydrogen Peroxide Introduction Thermal and Catalytic Decomposition Catalysts for Monopropellant Engines Kinetic Rate of Decomposition Hybrid Engine Hypergolic Bipropellant Engine Effect of Stabilizers on Catalytic Decomposition Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) for Monopropellant Engines or Hybrid Engines Introduction Catalysts Use of N 2 O as a Monopropellant Use of N 2 O for Hybrid Engine Future Prospective Applications of Catalytic Propulsion New Energetic Liquids Catalysts for Air‐Breathing Supersonic or Hypersonic Jets Catalysts for Pulse Detonating Engine Ignition of Gaseous Hydrogen–Oxygen Mixtures Gas Generator to Power Micropumps through Small Turbines Conclusion: A Biological System using H 2 O 2 Decomposition for Tactical Defense Acknowledgement

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“…The adsorption and reaction of hydrazine (N2H4) on metal surfaces has attracted significant attention due to its application in the direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHFC) technology, [1,2]. The DHFC technology is a promising alternative for the hydrogen fuel cell, as hydrazine is much easier and cheaper to produce and store than hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrazine adsorption on perfect and defective fcc nickel (100), (110) and (111) surfaces: A dispersion corrected DFT-D2 study

Menkah

¹

,

Dzade

²

,

Tia

³

et al. 2019

Applied Surface Science

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We present density functional theory calculations, with a correction for the long-range interactions, of the adsorption of hydrazine (N2H4) on the Ni (110), (100), and (111) surfaces, both defect-free planes and surfaces containing point defects in the form of adatoms and vacancies. Several low-energy adsorption structures for hydrazine on the perfect and defective surfaces have been identified and compared. The hydrazine molecule is shown to interact with the Ni surfaces mainly through the lonepair of electrons located on the N atoms, forming either monodentate or bidentate bonds with the surface. The strength of N2H4 adsorption on the perfect surfaces is found to be directly related to their stability, i.e. it adsorbs most strongly onto the least stable (110) surface via both N atoms in a gauchebridge configuration (Eads = −1.43 eV), followed by adsorption on the (100) where it also binds in gauche-bridge configurations (Eads = −1.27 eV), and most weakly onto the most stable (111) surface via one N−Ni bond in a trans-atop configuration (Eads = −1.18 eV). The creation of defects in the form of Ni adatoms and vacancies provides lower-coordinated Ni sites, allowing stronger hydrazine adsorption.Analysis into the bonding nature of N2H4 onto the Ni surfaces reveals that the adsorption is characterized by strong hybridization between the surface Ni d-states and the N p-orbitals, which is corroborated by electron density accumulation within the newly formed N−Ni bonding regions. Graphical abstractDFT calculations have been employed to unravel the fundamental aspects of the adsorption process of hydrazine at a range of nickel surfaces, predicting the adsorption conformations, adsorption energies, structural parameters and electronic properties.

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Engineering aspects of hydrazine-air fuel-cell power systems

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Alkaline Fuel Cells

Alkaline Fuel Cells

Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater

Hydrazine adsorption on perfect and defective fcc nickel (100), (110) and (111) surfaces: A dispersion corrected DFT-D2 study

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