“…Notable research has been carried out on TMOs because of their low-cost, high theoretical specific capacitance value, excellent energy density, and redox ability, but their poor ion diffusion and electron transfer properties in their bulk state have been the reason behind low capacitive performance . For the last several years, TMOs, for example, Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 , NiCo 2 O 4 , and NiO, along with conductive supports are used as supercapacitor electrodes materials . Among TMOs, cobalt-based spinels are widely used in applications like catalysis, magnetism, electricity, and energy storage devices .…”