Engineering color, pattern, and texture: From nature to materials

Multi-material 3D Printing of Mechanochromic Double Network Hydrogels for On-Demand Patterning

“…The HPR and TAR mechanophores are synthesized following the procedures reported previously (Schemes S1 and S2). 18,46 The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds are verified by 1 H NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopy, as shown in the Supporting Information.…”

“…The cephalopods are capable of changing their body color patterns for camouflage and signaling displays, by activating the skin chromatophores in their bodies. 1 These skin chromatophores can be greatly deformed by contracting the attached radial muscles, generating colorful patterns. The color change is reversible, and the skin of cephalopods recovers to the initial state after releasing the muscles.…”

Bioinspired MXene-Based User-Interactive Electronic Skin for Digital and Visual Dual-Channel Sensing

“…The cephalopods change their skin color by regulating the arrangement of reflective plates inside iridophores [33]. Recently, many innovative works that mimicking the color-switching abilities of animals for the achievement of multifunctional visualization devices, which can translate mechanical stimuli into intuitive visual signals, have been widely reported [34][35][36]. For example, Chen et al integrated a bimodal artificial sensory neuron for the implementation of the visualhaptic fusion [37].…”

Programming multicolour micro-patterns via regional polymer-stabilized heliconical soft architecture

“…In nature, structural colours widely exist in animals and plants, such as common beetle species presenting the spectacular reflected iridescence due to hierarchical organization of biopolymers in some parts of their exoskeleton, which play an important role in concealment, camouflage, and confusing natural enemies. 1,2 Owing to the intriguing features of faderesistance, sustainable production, high spatial resolution and saturation, structural colours have attracted widespread attention and have been utilized in many key applications such as colourful patterns and image displays, 3,4 optical data storage, 5 information encryption 6,7 and anti-counterfeiting areas. 8 Simultaneously, they bring the crucial requirement of dynamic modulation of colours and vibrant patterns based on multistructural colour coexistence for improving practical value, such as the capacity and security of data storage and anticounterfeiting.…”