Engineering Components grow like trees

Mattheck, C.

doi:10.1002/mawe.19900210403

Cited by 87 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A potential technical transfer is given for example in automotive engineering by developing optimized branched lightweight fiber-reinforced compound structures with minimized notch stresses following the studies of Claus Mattheck (Mattheck 1990, 2010, Mattheck & Tesari 2002 …”

Section: Technical Applications For Branched Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, branchings are developed and shaped in a manner so that notch stresses present in 'joints' (i.e. stem-branch attachments) are diverted and distributed, so that similar zones of weakness do not develop (Mattheck, 1990(Mattheck, , 2007Mattheck & Tesari 2002;Schwager et al, 2010). Generally speaking, plants are ‚ideal' concept generators for improving branched or unbranched technical structures since: -Plants typically 'avoid' critical notch stresses -Plants are lightweight structures -Plants possess interesting mechanical properties like for example high stiffness and strength combined with a benign fracture behavior and good damping -The laminated configuration of technical fiber-reinforced compound materials and the structure of some plant stems are highly comparable (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biomimetic Fiber-Reinforced Compound Materials

Masselter¹,

Speck²

2011

Advances in Biomimetics

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Section: Technical Applications For Branched Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Fiber-Reinforced Compound Materials

Masselter¹,

Speck²

2011

Advances in Biomimetics

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“…This arrangement did not modify the light environment. To minimize within-sapling variation in response to staking, we used multiple attachment points and regularly checked that the stems were well fixed but not hurt by the device (Mattheck, 1990). We recorded sapling height and diameter 20 cm above ground initially and approximately every 100 d thereafter.…”

Section: Staking and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thigmomorphogenesis versus light in biomechanical growth strategies of saplings of two tropical rain forest tree species

Jaouen¹,

Fournier²,

Alméras³

2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• In the dense tropical rainforest understorey, saplings exhibit different growth strategies aiming at reaching light levels better fitting their ecology. Investing mainly in height growth, at the expense of their width, a lot are close to mechanical instability. Tachigali melinonii, a long living heliophilic tree species, is frequently observed to be extremely slender and supported by neighbours. Such observations suggest an active growth control through the perception of mechanical environment.• Mechanical environment or light availability, which one is the most influent on growth and slenderness (H/D)? To test this question, we recorded growth of control and staked saplings of two species with contrasting habits and ecology: T. melinonii, and Dicorynia guianensis, along a natural light gradient.• Dicorynia, the more stable, responded more clearly to the staking treatment, showing slenderness increase when light is available, whereas for Tachigali, only light availability governed growth.• For Tachigali, growth allocation is mainly governed by light availability and ontogeny, whereas Dicorynia is probably similar to the average tree strategy, using the thigmomorphogenetic physiological process to control its stability. Mots-clés :biomécanique / thigmomorphogénèse / stratégies de croissance en hauteur / forêt tropicale humide / Guyane française Résumé -Thigmomorphogénèse et effet de la lumière dans les stratégies biomécaniques de croissance de jeunes arbres de deux espèces de forêt tropicale humide.• Dans le sous-bois dense tropical humide, les jeunes arbres développent différentes stratégies de croissance pour atteindre des niveaux de lumière mieux adaptés à leur écologie. En investissant massivement dans la croissance en hauteur aux dépens de leur épaisseur, beaucoup sont proches de la non-autoportance. Tachigali melinonii, héliophile à vie longue, est fréquemment observée extrême-ment élancée, supportée par ses voisins. Ceci suggère un contrôle actif de la croissance par la perception de l'environnement mécanique.• Qui, de l'environnement mécanique ou de la disponibilité de la lumière influence le plus la croissance et l'élancement ? Nous avons observé la croissance de jeunes T. melinonii et Dicorynia guianensis (plus sciaphile), tuteurés ou non, le long d'un gradient naturel de lumière.• Dicorynia, mécaniquement plus stable, est plus réactive aux tuteurs, investissant la biomasse produite dans la croissance en hauteur. La croissance en hauteur de Tachigali est uniquement gouvernée par la lumière disponible.• Pour Tachigali, la disponibilité de la lumière et le stade ontogénique gouvernent principalement l'allocation de croissance. Dicorynia, comme probablement beaucoup d'espèces, utilise la thigmomorphogénèse pour contrôler sa stabilité.

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“…Such methods are mainly and justifiably used in special problem cases or highly loaded areas. The CAO method (computer-aided optimization) [1] eases problematic points, but often requires several iterations. In case of complex components, use of the CAO method together with FEM analyses is associated with the need for computing capacity and time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A graphic way for notch shape optimization

Mattheck¹,

Sorensen²,

Bethge³

2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 87

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Many components have notches and notches are in the majority of cases the reason for failure. There are many options to reach a longer lifetime and a better utilisation of material. One method for the shape optimization of components, developed in Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, uses the design rules of nature. During the last 15 years it has spread very well and proven itself in industry, especially in automotive engineering. The limits for using the CAO-method (Computer Aided Optimization) are more or less of an economic nature. So we need a method that allows optimization by everybody. Now a new pure graphical method has been found, which works without any FEM or optimization software. It is called the "Method of Tensile Triangles" and requires only a set square and a piece of paper to optimize the notch shape in an effective and simple way.

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Engineering Components grow like trees

Cited by 87 publications

References 9 publications

Biomimetic Fiber-Reinforced Compound Materials

Biomimetic Fiber-Reinforced Compound Materials

Thigmomorphogenesis versus light in biomechanical growth strategies of saplings of two tropical rain forest tree species

A graphic way for notch shape optimization

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