ENGINEERING, DESIGN, AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT SECTION Activation of Carbons

Lewis, W. K.; Metzner, A. B.

doi:10.1021/ie50533a020

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It was generally assumed that the increased sorption was due to the increased surface area (and maybe even new pores) [34]. Activation in the 1950s was further defined as "any process which selectively removes the hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fractions from a carbonaceous raw material in such a manner as to produce an open, porous residue" [35]. Chemical and structural alterations leading to increased surface areas and tailored modifications of chemical moieties are still the key elements of activation today.…”

Section: Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon, Biochar and Charcoal: Linkages and Synergies across Pyrogenic Carbon’s ABCs

Hagemann

Spokas

Schmidt³

et al. 2018

Water

242

100

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Biochar and activated carbon, both carbonaceous pyrogenic materials, are important products for environmental technology and intensively studied for a multitude of purposes. A strict distinction between these materials is not always possible, and also a generally accepted terminology is lacking. However, research on both materials is increasingly overlapping: sorption and remediation are the domain of activated carbon, which nowadays is also addressed by studies on biochar. Thus, awareness of both fields of research and knowledge about the distinction of biochar and activated carbon is necessary for designing novel research on pyrogenic carbonaceous materials. Here, we describe the dividing ranges and common grounds of biochar, activated carbon and other pyrogenic carbonaceous materials such as charcoal based on their history, definition and production technologies. This review also summarizes thermochemical conversions and non-thermal pre-and post-treatments that are used to produce biochar and activated carbon. Our overview shows that biochar research should take advantage of the numerous techniques of activation and modification to tailor biochars for their intended applications.

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Section: Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon, Biochar and Charcoal: Linkages and Synergies across Pyrogenic Carbon’s ABCs

Hagemann

Spokas

Schmidt³

et al. 2018

Water

242

100

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“…As Hagemann et al describe [18], activated carbon, biochar, and charcoal each have distinct but overlapping histories, with somewhat different scientific communities and bodies of literature that can use slightly different terminologies. However, by the 1950s, "activation" was generically understood as a process that improves the adsorptive capacity of a material and more specifically defined as "any process which selectively removes the hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fractions from a carbonaceous raw material in such a manner as to produce and open, porous residue" [19].…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Novel Biochars and Steam Activated Carbon from Mixed Conifer Mill Residues

Anderson

Bergman

2021

Energies

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There is increasing demand in environmental remediation and other sectors for specialized sorbents made from renewable materials rather than hard coals and minerals. The proliferation of new pyrolysis technologies to produce bio-based energy, fuels, chemicals, and bioproducts from biomass has left significant gaps in our understanding of how the various carbonaceous materials produced by these systems respond to processes intended to improve their adsorption properties and commercial value. This study used conventional steam activation in an industrial rotary calciner to produce activated carbon (AC) from softwood biochars made by three novel pyrolysis systems. Steam was injected across four heating zones ranging from 816 °C to 927 °C during paired trials conducted at calciner retention times of 45 min and 60 min. The surface area of the three biochars increased from 2.0, 177.3, and 289.1 m2 g−1 to 868.4, 1092.9, and 744.8 m2 g−1, respectively. AC iodine number ranged from 951 to 1218 mg g−1, comparing favorably to commercial AC produced from bituminous coal and coconut shell. The results of this study can be used to operationalize steam activation as a post-processing treatment for biochar and to expand markets for biochar as a precursor in the manufacture of specialized industrial sorbents.

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Solid complexes of carbon and sulphur—I. Sulphurised polymer carbons

Blayden¹,

Patrick²

1967

Carbon

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ENGINEERING, DESIGN, AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT SECTION Activation of Carbons

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Activated Carbon, Biochar and Charcoal: Linkages and Synergies across Pyrogenic Carbon’s ABCs

Activated Carbon, Biochar and Charcoal: Linkages and Synergies across Pyrogenic Carbon’s ABCs

Comparison of Novel Biochars and Steam Activated Carbon from Mixed Conifer Mill Residues

Solid complexes of carbon and sulphur—I. Sulphurised polymer carbons

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