Engineering ecological protection against landslides in diverse mountain forests: Choosing cohesion models

Mao, Zhun; Saint‐André, Laurent; Genet, Marie; Mine, François-Xavier; Jourdan, Christophe; Rey, Hervé; Courbaud, Benoı̂t; Stokes, Alexia

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.026

Cited by 146 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A slope stability analysis may be used to evaluate an existing condition or a proposed solution to determine if it meets the requirement of safety (Wu 1995;Mao et al 2012). In this research slope stability was investigated by changing the slope gradients between 10 and 45° (the range of slope in the whole study area) and the thickness of the sliding mass of 1 and 2 m (as mentioned in previous sections most of the critical failure planes in the study area are 1-2 m).…”

Section: Slope Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Oriental beech root reinforcement on slope stability (Hyrcanian Forest, Iran)

Abdi

2014

J. For. Sci.

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Vegetation significantly affects hillslope mechanical properties related to shallow landslides and slope stability. The objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the effect of Oriental beech root reinforcement on slope stability. A part of Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran was selected for the study area. To do the research, the Wu model (WM) was used and data related to the distribution and tensile strength of Oriental beech roots were collected. Root distribution was assessed using the concept of the root area ratio and trenching method. Laboratory tensile tests were conducted on fresh roots for strength characteristics. The factor of safety was calculated for two different soil thicknesses (1 and 2 m) and slope gradients between 10 and 45°. The results showed that the root distribution generally decreased with increasing soil depth and the mean root strength value was 38.23 ± 1.19 MPa for 0.35-5.60 mm diameter range. The results verified a power relationship between tensile strength and root diameter. The reinforcement effect (C r ) decreased with depth and the strongest reinforcement effect was in the second soil layer (10-20 cm) which showed a shear strength increase of 1.47 kPa. The increased factor of safety due to the presence of roots in one-and two-metre soil thicknesses was 27-44% and 15-26%, respectively. The improvement effect of roots was increased with increasing slope gradient and shallower soil thicknesses.

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Section: Slope Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past experiences show that slopes under vegetation are stable and more resistant to erosion (Gray, Sotir 1996;Genet et al 2008;Mao et al 2012). Natural slopes (like mountain forests) have usually been formed over long periods of time and each change (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oriental beech root reinforcement on slope stability (Hyrcanian Forest, Iran)

Abdi

2014

J. For. Sci.

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“…These affects are closely related to root number, root diameter, root shape (architecture), root strength, and root-soil interaction (Wu et al 1979;Stokes et al 1996;Dupuy et al 2007;Mickovski et al 2007;Reubens et al 2007). Indeed, studies show that structure-related root factors such as root density (RD), root length density (RLD), root area ratio (RAR), number of roots, maximum root depth and branching pattern are likely to exert a greater impact upon hillslope stability than factors such as root tensile strength (Reubens et al 2007;Genet et al 2005;Fattet et al 2011;Mao et al 2012;PollenBankhead et al 2009). …”

Section: Note: Number Of Samples (N) Is 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil strength is influenced by the extent and length of roots within the root-soil composite (e.g. Operstein and Frydman 2000;Nilaweera and Nutalaya 1999;Yang and Shi 2002;Yang et al 1996;Mickovski and van Beek 2009;Loades et al 2010) as well as the effect of root area ratio (RAR) (PollenBankhead et al 2009(PollenBankhead et al , 2010Mao et al 2012). Mechanical effects of root systems affect the pullout resistance and pull-out strength of root systems, tensile resistance and tensile strength of single roots, and shear resistance and shear strength of single roots (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory analysis of vegetation strategies to reduce shallow landslide activity on loess hillslopes, Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Brierley

Hong

et al. 2013

J. Mt. Sci.

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Heavy summer rainfall induces significant soil erosion and shallow landslide activity on the loess hillslopes of the Xining Basin at the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study examines the mechanical effects of five native shrubs that can be used to reduce shallow landslide activity. We measured single root tensile resistance and shear resistance, root anatomical structure and direct shear and triaxial shear for soil without roots and five rootsoil composite systems. Results show that Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. possessed the strongest roots, followed by Caragana korshinskii Kom., Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. and Lycium chinense Mill. Single root strength and shear resistance relationships with root diameter are characterized by power or exponential relations, consistent with the MohrCoulomb law. Root mechanical strength reflects their anatomical structure, especially the percentage of phloem and xylem cells, and the degree and speed of periderm lignifications. The cohesion force of rootsoil composite systems is notably higher than that of soil without roots, with increasing amplitudes of cohesion force for A. canescens, C. korshinskii, Z. xanthoxylon, N. tangutorum and L. chinense of 75.9%, 75.1%, 36.2%, 24.6% and 17.0 % respectively. When subjected to shear forces, the soil without root samples show much greater lateral deformation than the root-soil composite systems, reflecting the restraining effects of roots. Findings from this paper indicate that efforts to reduce shallow landslides in this region by enhancing root reinforcement will be achieved most effectively using A. canescens and C. korshinskii.

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“…As the results of direct investigations (Docker and Hubble, 2008;Pollen and Simon, 2005) indicate, using the Wu/Waldron model usually leads to overestimation of the influence of plant root systems on soil shear strength. Therefore, in recent years, the range of root cohesion has been determined using fiber bundle models (Pollen and Simon, 2005;Mao et al, 2012;Schwarz et al, 2012;. These models assume irregular mobilization of maximum tensile strengths in individual parts of the root bundle, but these models differ in assumptions concerning the manner of distribution of root tensile strengths and root elasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Root Reinforcement Exemplified by Black Alder (Alnus Glutinosa Gaertn.) and Basket Willow (Salix Viminalis) Root Systems – Case Study in Poland

Zydroń¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Zydroń -Skórski: The effect of root reinforcement exemplified by black alder and basket willow root systems - Abstract. This paper is focused on evaluation of the effect of roots of two species -black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaerin.) and basket willow (Salix viminalis) on the increase in soil shear strength (root cohesion). The second aim of the paper was to compare the results of calculating root cohesion using the classical Wu/Waldron model and selected fiber bundle models, especially in the context of determining the influence of the criterion of distribution of stresses on calculation results. The research on the studied plant species was conducted on a seven-year plantation of energy crops located in Krakow, Poland, where the test area was modified by covering the natural site by anthropogenic soil. In order to determine the root cohesion site investigations, which included measurements of root area ratio, and laboratory tests, which included determination of root tensile strength, were conducted. The results of root cohesion calculation revealed that the studied species have relatively low values of this parameter. It was also shown that fiber bundle models yield lower values of root cohesion than the classic Wu-Waldron model. Among the fiber bundle models, the lowest values of the investigated parameter were obtained using the deformation model that takes into account the function of probability distribution of root tensile strength.

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Engineering ecological protection against landslides in diverse mountain forests: Choosing cohesion models

Cited by 146 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of Oriental beech root reinforcement on slope stability (Hyrcanian Forest, Iran)

Effect of Oriental beech root reinforcement on slope stability (Hyrcanian Forest, Iran)

An exploratory analysis of vegetation strategies to reduce shallow landslide activity on loess hillslopes, Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

The Effect of Root Reinforcement Exemplified by Black Alder (Alnus Glutinosa Gaertn.) and Basket Willow (Salix Viminalis) Root Systems – Case Study in Poland

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