Engineering for the global poor: The role of intellectual property

Booker, Kayje; Gadgil, Ashok; Winickoff, David E.

doi:10.1093/scipol/scs049

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Investors thus often rely on signals such as patents or other codified forms of knowledge to assess the prospects of potential portfolio companies (Laursen and Salter, 2014). Engaging in a licensing alliance with a governmental partner who has a strong reputation to commercialize a specific technology can thus represent a feasible strategy for startups to convince potential investors about its promising prospects (Booker et al, 2012), given the perceived ability of startups to use an existing technological knowledge base and directly transfer it into new products or technologies.…”

Section: Importance Of Network Resources From Governmental Partners For Financial Investmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the relatively cheap and standardized process to secure knowledge in the form of patents might be important to resource-constrained startups. In addition, patents can be a means to overcome the so-called 'liability of newness' in providing important signals to potential investors and helping in securing private funding (Booker et al, 2012;Conti et al, 2013;Hsu and Ziedonis, 2013). Thus, given the newness and stronger vulnerability, cleantech startups have an inherent interest to secure their innovative knowledge, which is why patenting activity represents a relevant measure for startup innovation.…”

Section: Patenting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Governments as partners: The role of alliances in U.S. cleantech startup innovation

2019

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Accelerating innovation in clean energy technologies is a policy priority for governments around the world aiming to mitigate climate change and to provide affordable energy. Most research has focused on the role of governments financing R&D and steering market demand, but there is a more limited understanding of the role of direct government interactions with startups across all sectors. We propose and evaluate the value-creation mechanisms of network resources from different types of partners for startups, highlighting the unique resources of government partners for cleantech startups. We develop and analyze a novel dataset of 657 U.S. cleantech startups and 2,015 alliances with governments, firms, research organizations, and not-for-profit organizations from 2008 to 2012 and analyze short-term firm outcomes from the different alliances. Our findings highlight the importance of governmental partners in technology development alliances to catalyze cleantech startup innovation (the patenting activity of cleantech startups increases by 73.7 percent with every additional governmental technology alliance when compared to those startups that did not engage in such alliances) and as quality signals to private sector investors for licensing alliances (private financing deals increase by 155 percent for every additional license from a government organization). Overall, these findings extend the alliance perspectives on innovation,

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Section: Importance Of Network Resources From Governmental Partners For Financial Investmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patenting Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Governments as partners: The role of alliances in U.S. cleantech startup innovation

2019

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“…Multiple studies connect firewood collection and violence against displaced people, including examples in Uganda, Ethiopia, Chad, Darfur, South Sudan, Namibia, Nepal, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Médecins Sans Frontières 2005 ; Patrick 2006 ; Lyytinen 2009 ; Danish Refugee Council 2012 ; Gunning 2014 ; Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves 2015 ; Gerrard 2016 ). The literature demonstrates that the burden and risks of collecting firewood falls overwhelmingly on women and girls (Lyytinen 2009 ; Booker et al 2012 ; WRC 2014 ; Thulstrup and Joshi 2017 ; Listo 2018 ), exposing them to greater risks. However, it is important to note that most gender-based violence is inter-partner and inter-familial violence that happens within or close to homes (Duvvury et al 2004 ; Kishor and Johnson 2004 ; World Health Organization 2005 ; Grafham 2020 ), rather than ‘stranger’ violence which happens during firewood collection.…”

Section: Humanitarian Response and Energy Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving beyond informal action: sustainable energy and the humanitarian response system

Thomas

Rosenberg-Jansen

Jenks

2021

Int J Humanitarian Action

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Energy and humanitarian action have long been uneasy bedfellows. In the field, many humanitarian practitioners lack the time or remit to engage with a complex issue such as energy, and the topic to date has received relatively little attention from the private, development and academic sectors. This paper hopes to provide more clarity on energy in forced displacement settings by analysing how energy is interwoven with the humanitarian cluster system. This paper has two aims: (1) to assess existing evidence in the sector and explain the links between energy and each of the humanitarian clusters and (2) to provide recommendations on how humanitarian response efforts can transition from informal action to a comprehensive response on sustainable energy provision. This paper is the first to investigate the role of energy using the cluster system as a framework and contributes to a rapidly evolving field of research and practice on energy in humanitarian contexts. Our analysis demonstrates that energy is not fully integrated within humanitarian programme planning. Further, it highlights pathways for improving humanitarian outcomes enabled by improved energy practices. We identify ten ways clusters can integrate action on energy to support crisis-affected communities.

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Making technological innovation work for sustainable development

Anadón

Chan

Harley

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

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This paper presents insights and action proposals to better harness technological innovation for sustainable development. We begin with three key insights from scholarship and practice. First, technological innovation processes do not follow a set sequence but rather emerge from complex adaptive systems involving many actors and institutions operating simultaneously from local to global scales. Barriers arise at all stages of innovation, from the invention of a technology through its selection, production, adaptation, adoption, and retirement. Second, learning from past efforts to mobilize innovation for sustainable development can be greatly improved through structured cross-sectoral comparisons that recognize the socio-technical nature of innovation systems. Third, current institutions (rules, norms, and incentives) shaping technological innovation are often not aligned toward the goals of sustainable development because impoverished, marginalized, and unborn populations too often lack the economic and political power to shape innovation systems to meet their needs. However, these institutions can be reformed, and many actors have the power to do so through research, advocacy, training, convening, policymaking, and financing. We conclude with three practiceoriented recommendations to further realize the potential of innovation for sustainable development: (i) channels for regularized learning across domains of practice should be established; (ii) measures that systematically take into account the interests of underserved populations throughout the innovation process should be developed; and (iii) institutions should be reformed to reorient innovation systems toward sustainable development and ensure that all innovation stages and scales are considered at the outset. sustainable development | innovation systems | technology | knowledge systems | complex adaptive systems This paper sets forth our perspective on how technological innovation can better advance the goals of sustainable development. We seek to help bridge the gap between scholarship and practice by drawing from conceptual research, empirical cases, and realworld experience to highlight practical guidelines for use by practicing scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and policy advocates.Sustainable development was defined a generation ago through a series of United Nations-led commissions and summits as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (1). Subsequent work by scholars and international development organizations has broadened the original framing to define development as sustainable when "inclusive wellbeing"-the aggregate quality of life for all people, everywhere, now and in the future-does not decline with time (2-5). More recently, in September 2015, virtually all member countries of the United Nations committed to 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that provide specific targets and timetables for enhancing inclusive well-being.Technological innova...

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Engineering for the global poor: The role of intellectual property

Abstract: Is intellectual property inimical to the development and deployment of technologies

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Governments as partners: The role of alliances in U.S. cleantech startup innovation

Governments as partners: The role of alliances in U.S. cleantech startup innovation

Moving beyond informal action: sustainable energy and the humanitarian response system

Making technological innovation work for sustainable development

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