Engineering Functional Polymer Capsules toward Smart Nanoreactors

Gaitzsch, Jens; Huang, Xin; Voit, Brigitte

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00241

Cited by 369 publications

(364 citation statements)

References 336 publications

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“…Hollow-structured materials with diverse compositions, such as polymer, [48] carbon, [49] silica, [50] and metal/metal oxide, [51] have attracted extensive research attention and been fabricated via various strategies. [5] Due to the loss of mass thickness, hollow interiors with a distinctly low contrast can be easily identified from conventional TEM analysis.…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures

et al. 2018

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Innovations in nanofabrication have expedited advances in hollow-structured nanomaterials with increasing complexity, which, at the same time, set challenges for the precise determination of their intriguing and complicated 3D configurations. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis typically yields 2D projections of 3D objects, which in some cases is insufficient to reflect the genuine architectures of these 3D nano-objects, providing misleading information. Advanced analytical approaches such as focused ion beam (FIB) and ultramicrotomy enable the real slicing of nanomaterials, realizing the direct observation of inner structures but with limited spatial discrimination. Electron tomography (ET) is a technique that retrieves spatial information from a series of 2D electron projections at different tilt angles. As a unique and powerful tool kit, this technique has experienced great advances in its application in materials science, resolving the intricate 3D nanostructures. Here, the exceptional capability of the ET technique in the structural, chemical, and quantitative analysis of hollow-structured nanomaterials is discussed in detail. The distinct information derived from ET analysis is highlighted and compared with conventional analysis methods. Along with the advances in microscopy technologies, the state-of-the-art ET technique offers great opportunities and promise in the development of hollow nanomaterials.

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Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures

et al. 2018

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“…Polymersomes are nanoscale vesicles formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous media [22]. Polymersomes made of low glass transition temperature “rubbery” polymers are flexible and pass through pores up to an order of magnitude smaller than their diameter [23–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iRGD peptide conjugation potentiates intraperitoneal tumor delivery of paclitaxel with polymersomes

et al. 2016

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Polymersomes are versatile nanoscale vesicles that can be used for cytoplasmic delivery of payloads. Recently, we demonstrated that pH-sensitive polymersomes exhibit an intrinsic selectivity towards intraperitoneal tumor lesions. A tumor homing peptide, iRGD, harbors a cryptic C-end Rule (CendR) motif that is responsible for neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) binding and for triggering extravasation and tumor penetration of the peptide. iRGD functionalization increases tumor selectivity and therapeutic efficacy of systemic drug-loaded nanoparticles in many tumor models. Here we studied whether intraperitoneally administered paclitaxel-loaded iRGD-polymersomes show improved efficacy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. First, we demonstrated that the pH-sensitive polymersomes functionalized with RPARPAR (a prototypic CendR peptide) or iRGD internalize in the cells that express NRP-1, and that internalized polymersomes release their cargo inside the cytosol. CendR-targeted polymersomes loaded with paclitaxel were more cytotoxic on NRP-1-positive cells than on NRP-1-negative cells. In mice bearing peritoneal tumors of gastric (MKN-45P) or colon (CT26) origin, intraperitoneally administered RPARPAR and iRGD-polymersomes showed higher tumor-selective accumulation and penetration than untargeted polymersomes. Finally, iRGD-polymersomes loaded with paclitaxel showed improved efficacy in peritoneal tumor growth inhibition and in suppression of local dissemination compared to the pristine paclitaxel-polymersomes or Abraxane. Our study demonstrates that iRGD-functionalization improves efficacy of paclitaxel-polymersomes for intraperitoneal treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

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“…Multi‐responsive hollow capsules have been reported as ideal candidates mimicking cell compartments,35, 36 nanoreactors,31, 37, 38 or multicompartmentalized entities,39, 40, 41, 42, 43 for example, demonstrating a successful exchange of educts and products to feed enzymes inside and outside of those supramolecular assemblies. For most of these systems reactive enzymes as well as nanoparticles were enclosed into the inner cavity of the polymeric hollow capsules during their formation process,31, 35, 36, 37, 40 However, only very limited studies exist for the post‐encapsulation under physiological conditions of small molecules and nm‐sized proteins and polysaccharides into preformed nanocapsules 26, 44, 45, 46.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo‐Cross‐Linked Dual‐Responsive Hollow Capsules Mimicking Cell Membrane for Controllable Cargo Post‐Encapsulation and Release

et al. 2016

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Multifunctional and responsive hollow capsules are ideal candidates to establish highly sophisticated compartments mimicking cell membranes for controllable bio‐inspired functions. For this purpose pH and temperature dual‐responsive and photo‐cross‐linked hollow capsules, based on silica‐templated layer‐by‐layer approach by using poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐block‐polymethacrylate) and polyallylamine, have been prepared to use them for the subsequent and easily available post‐encapsulation process of protein‐like macromolecules at room temperature and pH 7.4 and their controllable release triggered by stimuli. The uptake and release properties of the hollow capsules for cargos are highly affected by changes in the external stimuli temperature (25, 37, or 45 °C) and internal stimuli pH of the phosphate‐containing buffer solution (5.5 or 7.4), by the degree of photo‐cross‐linking, and the size of cargo. The photo‐cross‐linked and dual stimuli‐responsive hollow capsules with different membrane permeability can be considered as attractive material for mimicking cell functions triggered by controllable uptake and release of different up to 11 nm sized biomolecules.

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Engineering Functional Polymer Capsules toward Smart Nanoreactors

Cited by 369 publications

References 336 publications

Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures

Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures

iRGD peptide conjugation potentiates intraperitoneal tumor delivery of paclitaxel with polymersomes

Photo‐Cross‐Linked Dual‐Responsive Hollow Capsules Mimicking Cell Membrane for Controllable Cargo Post‐Encapsulation and Release

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