Engineering geology and ground collapse mechanism in the Chengchao Iron-ore Mine in China

Xia, Kaizong; Chen, Congxin; Zheng, Yun; Zhang, Haina; Liu, Xiumin; Deng, Yangyang; Yang, Kuoyu

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.12.028

Cited by 63 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The mechanism by which surficial ground collapse is the coupling consequences of groundwater, soil and bedrock, but each one is a little bit different (Beck, 2005;Santo et al, 2017;Santolo et al, 2018). Formation mechanism of collapse sinkhole may be divided into several types, such as subsoil erosion, entrapped air blasting, vacuum cavitation and mechanical vibration et al, which is differentiated by combination characteristic of soil layer, change of groundwater level and karstific development in bedrock (Kang, 1992;Beck, 2005;Jiang et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2018;Xia et al, 2019;Meng et al, 2020). For example, subsoil erosion initially occurred in the channelized path that formed by concentrated groundwater runoff, especially when groundwater level frequently fluctuated between soil-bedrock interface, and then collapsed when upward eroding void grew to a significant size.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Collapse Sinkholementioning

confidence: 99%

Development characteristic and formation mechanism analysis of collapse sinkholes in Wugaishan town, Chenzhou city, Hunan province, China

Pan¹,

Chen²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The cover collapse sinkholes occurred and concentrated in Wugaishan town, Chen zhou city since 1996. The results are combined with results of site investigation, geophysical prospecting and in situ groundwater monitoring data, allowing the development characteristics and formation mechanism of surficial collapse incidents to be summarized. Collapse sinkholes are significantly active in recent years and mostly develop in the rainy season ranging from April to June and generally show a zonal distribution along the topography of study area from SW to NE. 92.31 % of total collapse events occurred in the thickness of overburden material ranged from 0 to 15 m, which indicated that overlying material less than 15 m was easier to collapse. The results show that collapse sinkholes have strong relationship with characteristic of overburden material, which sharply decrease in internal physical and mechanical property of bottom layer. Furthermore, substantial cavities formed within bedrock are the best transport channels and storage spaces for the unconsolidated material, especially under the condition of dynamic undulation of groundwater level. The formation mechanism of collapse sinkhole is divided into three types: infiltration erosion, coupling air implosion with vacuum cavitation and saturation erosion. Each formation mechanism is related to changes of groundwater level. When groundwater level rose above the soil-bedrock interface, saturated subsoil were easier to disintegrate into small particles and migrate downward as the vertical seepage of groundwater. The hydraulic gradient increased and became the predominant factor for the development of soil cavity as groundwater level dropped below the soil-bedrock interface. Moreover, when groundwater level sharply surged up at the relative sealed environment, the upward erosion roof of cavity would be more likely to collapse by the entrapped air blasting.

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Section: Formation Mechanism Of Collapse Sinkholementioning

confidence: 99%

Development characteristic and formation mechanism analysis of collapse sinkholes in Wugaishan town, Chenzhou city, Hunan province, China

Pan¹,

Chen²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Then τ s = sign(∆u e s )τ max (7) and shear failure occurs in the contact. Where ∆σ n and ∆τ s are the effective normal stress increment and shear stress increment.…”

Section: Udec Trigon Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vibration of underground machinery or vehicles can cause additional loads, and the stress in equilibrium state is disturbed. It causes rock mass deformation, movement, destruction, and fault activation effects, which pose a serious threat to shaft safety [7]. Research on vertical shafts has been going on for a long time, and elastic and viscoelastic analytical solutions of vertical shafts have been proposed by researchers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Failure Mechanism of Deep Vertical Shaft in Jinchuan Mining Area

Sun

Guo

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Vertical shafts play an important role in the safe operation of mines. The stability of vertical shafts has always been a difficult problem in mining engineering, especially with the increasing of mining depth. In order to keep the engineering works stable, it is necessary to make the deformation failure mechanism of vertical shafts clear. This paper describes a case study of the deformation and failure mechanisms of the vertical shaft in Jinchuan No. 2 mining area in Gansu Province, China. Long-term deformation trends and characteristics of the vertical shaft are analyzed through ground movement and GPS monitoring of ground fissures. Then, based on previous research experience and a detailed field investigation, the modes, influencing factors, and mechanisms of deformation failure in the vertical shaft are studied. To further investigate the mechanism of shaft deformation failure and damage process under mining, the Universal Discrete Element Code (UDEC) software with Trigon approach is employed to build the numerical model of the vertical shaft. Through displacement, stress, and damage analysis, the time, location, and cause of vertical shaft failure during mining are explicitly illustrated. The results suggest that the upper and lower parts of the fault are activated in different ways. The damage to the vertical shaft is still developing at a very high rate under mining with filling method. All our results throw light on the nature of deformation and failure of vertical shafts, and several suggestions for the engineering of deep vertical shafts are finally put forward, providing a reference for other engineering.

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“…Ground deformation is an common phenomenon in terms of civil engineering, groundwater pumping, earthquake, landslide and underground mining operations (Cao et al 2019;Gourmelen et al 2007;Schultz-Fellenz et al 2020;Ye et al 2016;Zhao et al 2012) and always leads to severe damage of buildings and even collapse of roof caving (Ding et al 2017;Xia et al 2019). Typically, there are multiple sources (factors) that can cause rock movement, such as topography, type of rock, structure of rock mass, tectonic stress, mining technology, and co-seismic vibration effects, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source and pattern identification of ground deformation based on the framework of Blind Source Separation--Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: a case study in a long-term GPS monitoring mine

Gu¹,

Ma²,

Lin³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Ground deformation caused by mining affects the safety of underground mining and buildings. High-resolution characterization of ground deformation respond to latent sources is a first step toward improved hazard forecasting. We rely on long-term GPS displacement data and an improved NMF algorithm of BSS to identify the sources driving ground deformation. The NMF identifies three sources (S1, S2, and S3) with distinct spatial and temporal surface deformation patterns and quantitatively reveals the contribution of each source to ground deformation. S1 captures horizontal Y-displacement related to horizontal tectonic stress \({{\sigma }}_{1}\). S2 dominates vertical Z-displacement with a widespread isotropous deformation driven by self-weight body force. S3 controls horizontal X-displacement related to horizontal tectonic stress \({{\sigma }}_{2}\). Besides, we find that independent contributions of these three sources can be resolved from the GPS data. The results show that the sharp change of source contribution and even transformation of dominate source are highly related to the severe deformation belt. This phenomenon is time independent, and helps us to select sites and find the potential risk area at its early stage.

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Engineering geology and ground collapse mechanism in the Chengchao Iron-ore Mine in China

Cited by 63 publications

References 26 publications

Development characteristic and formation mechanism analysis of collapse sinkholes in Wugaishan town, Chenzhou city, Hunan province, China

Development characteristic and formation mechanism analysis of collapse sinkholes in Wugaishan town, Chenzhou city, Hunan province, China

Deformation Failure Mechanism of Deep Vertical Shaft in Jinchuan Mining Area

Source and pattern identification of ground deformation based on the framework of Blind Source Separation--Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: a case study in a long-term GPS monitoring mine

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