Engineering the interfacial structure between noble metals
and
oxides, particularly on the surface of non-reducible oxides, is a
challenging yet promising approach to enhancing the performance of
heterogeneous catalysts. The interface site can alter the electronic
and d-band structure of the metal sites, facilitating
the transition of energy levels between the reacting molecules and
promoting the reaction to proceed in a favorable direction. Herein,
we created an active Pd–Si interface with tunable electronic
metal–support interaction (EMSI) by growing a thin permeable
silica layer on a non-reducible oxide ZSM-5 surface (termed Pd@SiO2/ZSM-5). Our experimental results, combined with density functional
theory calculations, revealed that the Pd–Si active interface
enhanced the charge transfer from deposited Si to Pd, generating an
electron-enriched Pd surface, which significantly lowered the activation
barriers for O2 and H2O. The resulting reactive
oxygen species, including O2
–, O2
2–, and −OH, synergistically facilitated
formaldehyde oxidation. Additionally, moderate electronic metal–support
interaction can promote the catalytic cycle of Pd0 ⇆
Pd2+, which is favorable for the adsorption and activation
of reactants. This study provides a promising strategy for the design
of high-performance noble metal catalysts for practical applications.