2021
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-104814
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Engineering of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Abstract: Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved from a C3 ground state to increase water use efficiency of photosynthesis. During CAM evolution, selective pressures altered the abundance and expression patterns of C3 genes and their regulators to enable the trait. The circadian pattern of CO2 fixation and the stomatal opening pattern observed in CAM can be explained largely with a regulatory architecture already present in C3 plants. The metabolic CAM cycle relies on enzymes and transporters that exist in C3 pl… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…C. longiscapa plants from the S1 site, who would be performing CAM metabolism, displayed on average 3 times larger succulency compared to site S3 plants (Supplementary Figure 1). However, succulent leaves present tight packed water-rich cells, which represents an obstacle for CO 2 diffusion due to the lower diffusion speed of this gas in water compared to air (Schiller and Bräutigam, 2021). Aquaporins have been identified as facilitators of CO 2 diffusion across membranes (Gago et al ., 2020), and therefore are good candidates for improving CO 2 diffusion in CAM succulent leaves.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…C. longiscapa plants from the S1 site, who would be performing CAM metabolism, displayed on average 3 times larger succulency compared to site S3 plants (Supplementary Figure 1). However, succulent leaves present tight packed water-rich cells, which represents an obstacle for CO 2 diffusion due to the lower diffusion speed of this gas in water compared to air (Schiller and Bräutigam, 2021). Aquaporins have been identified as facilitators of CO 2 diffusion across membranes (Gago et al ., 2020), and therefore are good candidates for improving CO 2 diffusion in CAM succulent leaves.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CAM is a remarkable example of convergent evolution of a complex trait that has evolved independently multiple times in about 6% of species and at least 37 plant families (Winter et al ., 2020). Different types of CAM have been described (Messerschmid et al ., 2021; Winter and Smith, 2022), for instance, in obligate CAM plants, like most cacti, carbon is fixed constitutively at night in contrast to facultative CAM plants, where nocturnal fixation is induced by drought, salt stress or ontogeny (Winter K., 2019; Schiller and Bräutigam, 2021). In CAM cycling plants, carbon is fixed nocturnally from recycled respiratory CO 2 , and during the day with C3 photosynthesis (Schiller and Bräutigam, 2021).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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