Engineering of Dental Tissues: Scaffolds and Preclinical Models

Yu, Na; Plachokova, Adelina S.; Yang, Fang; Walboomers, X. Frank; Jansen, John A.

doi:10.1002/9781118498026.ch23

“…Furthermore, the filling materials should be strong and resistant enough to avoid the dilation of brain tissue beneath the defect (Ji et al 2012). The use of periosteal cells for the treatment of a calvarial defect in a porcine model was utilized in a study (Bakker et al 2008;Berninger et al 2013;Castaneda et al 2006;Ito et al 2005;Mapara et al 2012;Struillou et al 2010;Wang et al 1998;Xu et al 2008 (He et al 2017a;Horner et al 2010;van Griensven 2015;Wehrhan et al 2013;Yu et al 2013) with the goal to investigate the bone forming potential of progenitor cells from adipose, bone marrow, and periosteal tissue (Stockmann et al 2012). Autologous progenitor cells were harvested and expanded in vitro to reach sufficient cell numbers.…”

Section: Periosteal Cells In the Preclinical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periosteum Derived Cells in Skeletal Tissue Regeneration

Bolander¹,

Herpelinck²,

Luyten³

2020

Cell Engineering and Regeneration

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The field of skeletal tissue engineering has in recent years been transformed by the identification of specific skeletal progenitor cell populations and their role in bone fracture healing. Specifically, progenitor cells residing within the periosteum have been shown to be crucial for bone regeneration. Importantly, this is not a phenomenon performed by one common progenitor cell, instead, distinct skeletal progenitor cell populations have been identified within the periosteum, shown to also contribute to different aspects of tissue repair. These findings represent major steps in the field of regenerative medicine, since there is currently no reliable treatment for patients with a failing endogenous repair system. Therefore, insights regarding the specific cell populations and factors that steer their homing and differentiation in vivo can aid in the development of optimized and personalized engineered treatment strategies. In this chapter, we highlight the crucial role of periosteumderived cells in bone development, homeostasis, and repair. We next provide an overview of the periosteum-residing skeletal progenitor cells identified so far and their role in bone regeneration. Subsequently, we discuss the required steps to isolate and expand periosteal cells in vitro, and the current state of the art in the use of periosteum-derived cells for bone formation and regeneration following the intramembranous, endochondral, or osteochondral tissue repair route. Finally, we present an overview of periosteal cells in the preclinical and clinical setting and discuss their future potential.

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“…Polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are biodegradable polyesters which can be derived from a variety of renewable sources and have been proposed for use in dental pulp tissue engineering (69–71). Scaffolds formed from PGA have been shown to support the adhesion and proliferation of pulpal fibroblasts (71).…”

Section: Materials To Support Pulpal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a copolymer of PGA and PLA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), is seeded with dental pulp progenitor cells it has been shown to support the formation of pulp-like tissue in both rabbit and mouse xenograft models (73–75). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is another commonly used polymer in tissue engineering (69, 76–78). Dental pulp progenitor cells attach to electrospun PEG scaffolds and have been transduced to form 3-D collagen structures (79).…”

Section: Materials To Support Pulpal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collagen is, of course, prevalent in the extracellular milieu, and is therefore highly compatible with cells and tissues. Hydrogels formed from collagen are, however, often structurally weak and chemical cross-linking to improve gel stiffness often leads to decreased cyto-compatibility (69, 88, 89). Similarly, fibrin has been proposed as a candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds in various applications, due to its association with blood clotting and cell adherence in vivo , although it shares the structural disadvantages of collagen (89–91).…”

Section: Materials To Support Pulpal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaffolds to Control Inflammation and Facilitate Dental Pulp Regeneration

Colombo

¹

,

Moore

²

,

Hartgerink

³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endodontics

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In dentistry, the maintenance of a vital dental pulp is of paramount importance, as teeth devitalized by root canal treatment may become more brittle and prone to structural failure over time. Advanced carious lesions can irreversibly damage the dental pulp by propagating a sustained inflammatory response throughout the tissue. While the inflammatory response initially drives tissue repair, sustained inflammation has an enormously destructive effect on the vital pulp, eventually leading to total necrosis of the tissue and necessitating its removal. The implications of tooth devitalization have driven significant interest in the development of bioactive materials that facilitate the regeneration of damaged pulp tissues by harnessing the capacity of the dental pulp for self-repair. In considering the process by which pulpitis drives tissue destruction, it is clear that an important step in supporting the regeneration of pulpal tissues is the attenuation of inflammation. Macrophages, key mediators of the immune response, may play a critical role in the resolution of pulpitis due to their ability to switch to a pro-resolution phenotype. This process can be driven by the resolvins, a family of molecules derived from fatty acids that show great promise as therapeutic agents. In this review, we outline the importance of preserving the capacity of the dental pulp to self-repair through the rapid attenuation of inflammation. Potential treatment modalities, such as shifting macrophages to a pro-resolving phenotype with resolvins are described, and a range of materials known to support the regeneration of dental pulp are presented.

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Periosteum Derived Cells in Skeletal Tissue Regeneration

Bolander¹,

Herpelinck²,

Luyten³

2020

Cell Engineering and Regeneration

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of skeletal tissue engineering has in recent years been transformed by the identification of specific skeletal progenitor cell populations and their role in bone fracture healing. Specifically, progenitor cells residing within the periosteum have been shown to be crucial for bone regeneration. Importantly, this is not a phenomenon performed by one common progenitor cell, instead, distinct skeletal progenitor cell populations have been identified within the periosteum, shown to also contribute to different aspects of tissue repair. These findings represent major steps in the field of regenerative medicine, since there is currently no reliable treatment for patients with a failing endogenous repair system. Therefore, insights regarding the specific cell populations and factors that steer their homing and differentiation in vivo can aid in the development of optimized and personalized engineered treatment strategies. In this chapter, we highlight the crucial role of periosteumderived cells in bone development, homeostasis, and repair. We next provide an overview of the periosteum-residing skeletal progenitor cells identified so far and their role in bone regeneration. Subsequently, we discuss the required steps to isolate and expand periosteal cells in vitro, and the current state of the art in the use of periosteum-derived cells for bone formation and regeneration following the intramembranous, endochondral, or osteochondral tissue repair route. Finally, we present an overview of periosteal cells in the preclinical and clinical setting and discuss their future potential.

show abstract

Engineering of Dental Tissues: Scaffolds and Preclinical Models

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Periosteum Derived Cells in Skeletal Tissue Regeneration

Periosteum Derived Cells in Skeletal Tissue Regeneration

Scaffolds to Control Inflammation and Facilitate Dental Pulp Regeneration

Periosteum Derived Cells in Skeletal Tissue Regeneration

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