Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Payload Changes for Tissue Regeneration

Seo, Young Joon

doi:10.1007/s13770-021-00349-w

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…More studies are also needed to evaluate the best route of administration of exosomes, their optimal dose, and their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution inside the body. Importantly, the engineered exosomes should be tested for their efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in general [183][184][185].…”

Section: Limitations and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches for Enhancement of the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases

Ahmed

Al-Massri

2022

Tissue Eng Regen Med

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major health concern worldwide, where mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy gives great promise in their management through their regenerative and paracrine actions. In recent years, many studies have shifted from the use of transplanted stem cells to their secreted exosomes for the management of various CVDs and cardiovascular-related diseases including atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral arterial diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. In different models, MSC-derived exosomes have shown beneficial outcomes similar to cell therapy concerning regenerative and neovascular actions in addition to their anti-apoptotic, anti-remodeling, and anti-inflammatory actions. Compared with their parent cells, exosomes have also demonstrated several advantages, including lower immunogenicity and no risk of tumor formation. However, the maintenance of stability and efficacy of exosomes after in vivo transplantation is still a major concern in their clinical application. Recently, new approaches have been developed to enhance their efficacy and stability including their preconditioning before transplantation, use of genetically modified MSC-derived exosomes, or their utilization as a targeted drug delivery system. Herein, we summarized the use of MSC-derived exosomes as therapies in different CVDs in addition to recent advances for the enhancement of their efficacy in these conditions. Graphical abstract

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Section: Limitations and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches for Enhancement of the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases

Ahmed

Al-Massri

2022

Tissue Eng Regen Med

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“…To allow overexpression of useful candidate factors with usually low expression levels in exosomes, a transporter capable of transferring the factors to MVB is required; furthermore, a technology for developing differentiated exosomes, in which the expressed stem cell exosomes can directly target specific receptor cells is being developed [15,16]. Biocompatibility of these exosomes can be demonstrated by mimicking molecular biological signaling mechanisms [17], and through the discovery of additional biomarkers, stem cell-derived exosomes can be applied not only for differentiation, antioxidation, and immunity, but also to regenerative medicine [15,16]. There are reported types of hearing loss includes noise-induced, genetic, sudden, ototoxicity, and age-related hearing loss [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Current Stem Cell-derived Exosome Research In the Auditory Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Methodologies to Utilize Exosome Treatment as Potential Nano Substances in Hearing Loss

Park

2021

JOHBM

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Recently, studies on the mechanism and clinical application of stem cell-derived exosomes have increased. Although the number of patients with hearing loss is increasing, there is no ideal therapy for the recovery of auditory cells of an independent organ in humans. In this review, we proposed the use of stem cell-derived exosomes for treating hearing loss and summarized the exosome research strategy platform for preclinical studies. It is necessary to select a research direction to assess direct or indirect effects on recipients based on the physiological mechanisms of exosomes that deliver useful molecules (called payloads) to recipient cells or tissues. To apply exosomes in the auditory field, researchers should select a model for assessing the toxicity to the auditory cells and analyzing their mechanisms in the recipient tissue. Such in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have been designed and reported in previous studies. The analytical strategies in various models can evaluate the mechanism of exosomes based on exosome surface markers or the payload, thus helping the researchers in finding evidence regarding the efficacy of exosomes. Here, we propose three strategies for exosome application research in the auditory field.

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“…In comparison with artificial nanocarriers, the longer circulation time prolongs their absorption potential and medicinal effectiveness on targeted tissues and cells in vitro and in vivo . The wide sources, stable storage, easy modification, negligible rejection, and lower risk of tumorigenesis support the exosome delivery system as a new mode of cell-free therapy ( Tian et al, 2014 ; Zhou et al, 2017 ; Huang et al, 2021 ; Park and Seo, 2021 ; Shafiei et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocapnia Stimuli-Responsive Engineered Exosomes Delivering miR-218 Facilitate Sciatic Nerve Regeneration

Wang

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Therapeutic strategies of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exosomes have been systematically explored as an enhancing application by paracrine and modulating cellular activity after internalization of recipient cells in vitro, and progressively developed to meet the requirements of peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. However, how to obtain exosomes with superior properties and effectively deliver miRNAs becomes a key challenge. Hypocapnia environment might play unexpected outcomes in strengthening exosome function when culturing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Previously, we discovered the intensive regulation of miR-218 on the differentiation of ASCs. In the present study, we analyzed the functional differences of secreted exosomes in response to hypocapnia stimulation, and explored the application in combination with miR-218 to facilitate sciatic nerve regeneration. Our results indicated that the delivery system of engineered exosomes derived from ASCs remarkably loads upregulated miR-218 and promotes cellular activity in the recipient cells (PC12 cells), and hypocapnia stimuli-responsive exosomes exhibit strengthening properties. Furthermore, in a sciatic nerve injury model, exosomes delivering miR-218 combined with engineered scaffold facilitated the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves. In the hypocapnia-stimulated exosome group, more encouraging promotion was revealed on the regeneration of motor and nerve fibers. Hypoc-miR-218-ASC exosomes are suggested as a promising cell-free strategy for peripheral nerve repair.

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Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Payload Changes for Tissue Regeneration

Cited by 12 publications

References 125 publications

New Approaches for Enhancement of the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases

New Approaches for Enhancement of the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases

Standardized Methodologies to Utilize Exosome Treatment as Potential Nano Substances in Hearing Loss

Hypocapnia Stimuli-Responsive Engineered Exosomes Delivering miR-218 Facilitate Sciatic Nerve Regeneration

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