Engineering of Osteochondral Tissue with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells in a Derivatized Hyaluronan-Gelatin Composite Sponge

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a composite matrix, containing esterified hyaluronic acid and gelatin, to facilitate the osteochondral differentiation of culture-expanded, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. The cell loading characteristics and the effects of the matrix on cell differentiation were examined in vitro and in vivo. Empty and cell-loaded composites were cultivated for up to 28 days in a chemically defined medium with or without transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). A type II collagen-rich extracellular matrix was produced by cells loaded in the matrix and cultured in the presence of TGF-beta1. Empty and cell-loaded matrices were also implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Three types of implant were used: empty (group I), cell-loaded matrices (Group II), and cell-loaded matrices cultured for 14 days in vitro in defined medium with TGF-beta1 (group III). No osteochondral differentiation was found in implanted empty matrices; however, the matrix supported osteochondrogenic cell differentiation in the cell-loaded implants. Preculture in vitro in a chondrogenic medium increased the percentage of osteochondral tissue found in the constructs after 3 weeks. These results indicate the potential use of this composite matrix for delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells for the repair of chondral and osseous defects. The results also indicate that this composite matrix is useful for in vitro tissue engineering.

Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Concentrates Have Limited Effects on Osteochondral Reconstructions in the Mini Pig

“…The results show that even though there is a clear deficit of MSC in a BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELL CONCENTRATES USED FOR OSTEOCHONDRAL RECONSTRUCTION 9 Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods bone marrow aspirate concentrate, there is no increasing effect of isolating and proliferating MSC on the bone formation and vascularization of the constructs. The role of MSCs for the regeneration of cartilage is a matter of debate: MSC play a key role during fracture healing, 40 and a transition of MSC into chondrocytes can be achieved both in-vitro 41 and in-vivo. 42 Small molecules such as CBFb, TGFb, IGF1, KGN, and more have been identified to trigger chondrocyte-specific gene expression in MSC and to protect chondrocytes in-vitro.…”

The effect of defect localization on spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects in a Göttingen minipig model: a retrospective analysis of the medial patellar groove versus the medial femoral condyle

“…For this purpose various animal models were employed to investigate experimental defect healing. The smallest animals used were mice 6 and rats, 7 being followed by rabbits. 8 For more advanced preclinical studies, large animal models such as dogs, 9 goats, 10 pigs 11 or horses 12 were used.…”

Regeneration Approaches for Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues with Growth Factors, Biomaterials, and Laser Irradiation

“…Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix and plays important roles in maintaining morphologic organization by preserving extracellular spaces, and has been reported to have excellent potential for tissue engineering [85][86][87][88][89]. It was reported that HA shows important roles in some biological processes, including inhibition of inflammation and pain, and differentiation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells [90][91][92].…”