Engineering photocatalytic ammonia synthesis

Abstract

This review is organized based on an engineering perspective, including materials engineering, structure engineering and reaction engineering, spanning photocatalyst preparation to photocatalytic process intensification.

Metal–organic framework-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts

“…The involved materials are mainly metal oxides, metal sulphides or carbon-based materials. Further incorporation of other promising photocatalysts such as metal nitrides, 145,146 bismuth oxyhalides 147,148 and metal selenides 149,150 will undoubtedly offer new opportunities for developing efficient MOF-based S-scheme heterojunctions. Beyond MOF/non-MOF combinations, the design of MOF-on-MOF heterojunctions is expected to demonstrate additional merits as mentioned before, while has been rarely studied.…”

Challenges and opportunities for the photo-(thermal) synthesis of ammonia

“…Consequently, the photo-catalytic NH 3 synthesis represents a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of the conventional thermo-catalytic pathway and, indeed, over the last years it has become a very dynamic field of research. 54–57…”

Regulated Dual Defects of Bridging Organic and Terminal Inorganic Ligands in Iron‐based Metal‐Organic Framework Nodes for Efficient Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis

“…[9][10][11][12][13] However, this way has been far from satisfactory, mainly due to the great challenge in the design and synthesis of robust catalytic active sites capable of efficiently adsorbing, activating and converting inert N 2 under visible light irradiation. [14][15][16][17][18] In addition, the structures of catalytic active sites in the atomic scale are not well-defined in many heterogeneous catalysts, resulting in the ambiguous photocatalytic NH 3 production mechanism. [19][20][21][22][23] As one type of porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with well-defined molecular structures composed of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands have attracted attention in the photocatalytic systems.…”