Engineering properties of water/wastewater-treatment sludge modified by hydrated lime, fly ash and loess

Lim, Sungjin; Jeon, Wangi; Lee, Jaebok; Lee, Kwan-Ho; Kim, Nam-Ho

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00150-1

Cited by 75 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Biosolids and sewage sludge amended with additives such as lime, fly ash, cement and (or) slag can be used as construction materials (Lim et al, 2002) -for example, as landfill cover Diliūnas et al, 2010;He et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2005) or as structural fill material in road embankments Wanigaratne and Udamulla, 2012), with special protection required in the event that there is potential for leaching/ flow to adjoining water bodies (Arulrajah et al, 2011). Alum and lime WTR has the potential for use as a liner material for sanitary landfills (Raghu et al, 1987).…”

Section: Management Of These Waste Streams and Principal Disposal Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of reported field and laboratory investigations and theoretical work concerning the geotechnical behaviour/properties of water treatment residue (WTR), biosolids and sewage sludge materials, which are by-products of municipal water and wastewater treatment processes. After describing the backgrounds to the generation of these materials and various disposal options (with a focus on landfilling), including associated geotechnical issues, their physical, geotechnical index, compaction, undrained strength and effective-stress strength properties are described, including the effects of oxidation, biodegradation and viscous gellike pore fluid for biosolids/sewage sludge material. Characteristic compressibility, consolidation and permeability behaviour/properties are also presented for these materials and linked with microstructure and the chemicals added during the treatment processes. The paper then focuses on various geotechnical issues pertinent to landfill (monofill) disposal of these materials, including undrained strength requirements, design strength, on-site and laboratory strength measurements and water content-strength correlations. Since such correlations are material specific, with the geotechnical properties of biosolids, sewage sludge and WTR materials varying between water/wastewater treatment plants, they cannot be applied more widely with confidence. Alternative approaches to predicting undrained strength are described, including a power-law strength relationship with water content, which can be applied more generally. , 2008a). The type and amount of chemicals added depends on the nature of the source water, but primarily on its turbidity and hardness. The coagulants cause the colloidal particles present to aggregate into flocs (with the polyelectrolyte also acting as a binding agent to increase their inherent shear strength) that are more readily separated out by settling processes, removing not only the impurities but also the chemical additives. NotationThe residue so formed is categorised as aluminium sulfate (alum) or iron WTR material depending on the coagulant salt, with the former being the most widely used coagulant in the water treatment industry. Lime-softening sludge, composed of typically 80-95 wt% calcite (Raghu and Hsieh, 1986), is the result of softening hard water before its distribution as drinking water.Biosolids and sewage sludge materials are highly organic residue by-products of municipal waste water treatment, with the organic fraction originating principally from human faeces (primary sludge) and bacterial biomass (secondary sludge) and the inorganic fraction derived from materials such as soil, sediment and inorganic residuals (Haynes et al., 2009). According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2015), sewage sludge refers to the solids separated out during the treatment processes, whereas biosolids refers to treated sewage sludge material that meets regulatory pollutant-and pathogen-control requirements for land applica...

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Section: Management Of These Waste Streams and Principal Disposal Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

O’Kelly

2016

Geotechnical Research

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“…Consequently, solidifying agents are commonly added to achieve a high strength of solidified sludge. Table 1 summarizes the studies that use solidifying agents for solidification/stabilization of dewatered sludge in previous researches (Yin 2001;Lim et al 2002;Lo et al 2002;Kim et al 2005;Tang et al 2012). Yin (2001) investigated the geotechnical properties and behavior of local raw sludge mixed with pulverized fly ash (PFA) and lime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yin (2001) investigated the geotechnical properties and behavior of local raw sludge mixed with pulverized fly ash (PFA) and lime. Lim et al (2002) investigated modifiers such as hydrated lime, loess, and fly ash in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of sewage sludge. Kim et al (2005) investigated digested sewage sludge solidified with converter slag and quick lime as additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of dewatered sewage sludge conditioned with skeleton builders as landfill cover material

Liu

Chen

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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High water and organic content of sewage sludge constricts its reuse and disposal. It is often necessary to solidify/stabilize the dewatered sludge with solidifying agents before landfill disposal. In this study, the sewage sludge was conditioned with skeleton builders, i.e., fly ash and lime combined with ferric chloride for the purpose of improving the dewatering efficiency. The dewatered sewage sludge was then directly reused as landfill cover materials since the skeleton builders also play a role in solidification of sludge. The geotechnical properties of the dewatered sewage sludge were investigated. The results show that the plasticity index of the dewatered sludge increases compared to that of the dewatered sludge without any conditioner, and the permeability coefficient changes from 10 -8 to 10 -5 cm s -1 . Furthermore, the strength of specimens increase with curing days. Microstructure analyses reveal that the main hydrated products are calcium silicate hydrate and ettringite, which contribute to the solidification/stabilization of the dewatered sludge. The results indicate that the dewatered sewage sludge conditioned with skeleton builders can be used as landfill covers. This study provides an alternative for traditional sewage sludge treatment and disposal.

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“…This treatment leads to 3 to 6 log reduction of bacterial indicators. The findings of Placha et al showed that after the lime hydrated addition the pH of mixture increased to 12.12 ± 0.02, and the Salmonella spp, strain was devitalized in 60 minutes (22 (1,13,24). If fertilizer consumption of waste sludge were considered, the microbiological quality of the product must be enhanced up to class A of USEPA criteria (20,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lime Stabilization of Waste Activated Sludge

Farzadkia

Bazrafshan

2014

Health Scope

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Background: Sewage sludge (Biosolids) is a byproduct of wastewater treatment that accumulates in large quantities. Effective stabilization and disinfection of sewage sludge prior to land application are necessary to not only protect human health, but also to induce the public its benefits and safety. Currently, many wastewater treatment plants in Iran dispose great amounts of untreated sewage sludge to the environment. Objectives: The purpose of this work was to upgrade wastewater treatment plants by lime stabilization of waste sludge. Materials and Methods: Lime stabilization of waste sludge from Shoosh wastewater treatment plant was performed in a 10-L reactor. Microbial quality of lime-stabilized sludge was checked for 6 weeks in the reactor. During this stage, pH, FC (fecal coliforms) and viable helminthes ova density were determined and compared with sludge stabilized criteria suggested by USEPA. Results: Average number of fecal coliforms and viable helminthes ova in waste sludge were 1.65 × 10 12 MPN/g of dry solids (DS) and 353 ova/4 g of dry solids, respectively. Conclusions:The results of this study showed that sewage sludge stabilization with hydrated lime reduced fecal coliforms more than 99.99% and also stabilized sludge covered standards of class B of USEPA criteria.

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Engineering properties of water/wastewater-treatment sludge modified by hydrated lime, fly ash and loess

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Geotechnics of municipal sludges and residues for landfilling

Reuse of dewatered sewage sludge conditioned with skeleton builders as landfill cover material

Lime Stabilization of Waste Activated Sludge

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