Engineering strategies of metal‐organic frameworks toward advanced batteries

Abstract

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) integrate several advantages such as adjustable pore sizes, large specific surface areas, controllable geometrical morphology, and feasible surface modification. Benefiting from these appealing merits, MOFs have recently been extensively explored in the field of advanced secondary batteries. However, a systematic summarization of the specific functional units that these materials can act as in batteries as well as their related design strategies to underline their functions has not been perceived to date. Motivated by this point, this review dedicates to the elucidation of diverse functions of MOFs for batteries, which involve the electrodes, separators, interface modifiers, and electrolytes. Particularly, the main engineering strategies based on the physical and chemical features to enable their enhanced performance have been highlighted for the individual functions. In addition, perspectives and possible research questions in the future development of these materials have also been outlined. This review captures such progress ranging from fundamental understanding and optimized protocols to multidirectional applications of MOF‐based materials in advanced secondary batteries.

Low-cost Prussian blue analogues for sodium-ion batteries and other metal-ion batteries

“…As the research progressed, researchers found that the morphology of the active material also greatly influenced the corresponding electrochemical properties. 132 Accordingly, a variety of morphology designs were gradually developed by researchers.…”

Ni3S2/Co3S4 with controlled surface electron arrangement for high-performance aqueous energy storage

“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn research interest in numerous elds such as catalysis, sensing, [14][15][16] supercapacitors, 17,18 and metal-ion batteries 19 because of their unique features of large surface area, controllable pores, and tunability in structure as they are composed of metal ion/cluster centers and organic ligands. [20][21][22] It is considered that their unique structure can allow for the access of electron/ion into the framework structure, thus guaranteeing the high energy storage ability of the material. 23,24 In particular, Ni/Co-based MOFs display outstanding energy storage capability due to rich redox reactions and electrolyte transport channels, which enable a fast charge transfer rate.…”

Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc–Halogen Batteries: Fundamental Mechanisms, Research Issues, and Future Perspectives

“…[24][25][26] Exciting breakthroughs are still anticipated in overcoming these obstacles. [27,28] On the other hand, halogen (Cl 2 , Br 2 , and I 2 ) based cathodes utilizing conversion reactions exhibit comparable redox potentials (Figure 1a) and significantly lower costs, enabling aqueous zinc-halide batteries (AZHBs) become promising candidates in EES devices. [29,30] Note that fluorine in its elemental form is a highly toxic and corrosive gas, and due to its natural state being gaseous, it poses significant challenges as a cathode.…”