Engineering strategies toward electrodes stabilization in capacitive deionization

Gao, Ming; Chen, Wenqing

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215695

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 351 publications

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“…The intercalation capacity retention of LMO||AC/AEM decreased significantly in the first five cycles, leaving only 35.48% retention after 20 cycles. This may be attributed to the gradual oxidation of AC as an anode with a continuous decrease in capacity, − coupled with the Jahn−Teller effect and Mn dissolution, resulting in a significant decrease in the cycle stability of LMO||AC/AEM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl⁻ Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Qiao,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The widespread application of lithium-ion batteries and the rapid development of electric vehicles have increased the demand for lithium resources. Electrochemical lithium extraction has been proven to be an effective method for Li + recovery from brine due to its environmental friendliness and excellent selectivity. In a conventional configuration, LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO)||activated carbon (AC)/anion exchange membrane (AEM), AEM is essential to avoid the adsorption of Li + onto the AC anode during Cl − desorbing. Here, we propose that a layered double oxide (LDO) serves as an anode material with high Cl − selectivity. CoAl-LDO was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method, followed by heat treatment, and used as an anode with LMO as a cathode (LMO|| CoAl-LDO). The Li + intercalation capacity of LMO||CoAl-LDO reached 1.35 mmol g −1 at 1.2 V with a maximum rate of 0.57 mmol g −1 min −1 and a capacity retention of 70.83% after 20 cycles, higher than those of LMO||AC/AEM (1.12 mmol g −1 , 0.37 mmol g −1 min −1 , 35.48%, respectively). Moreover, the selectivity of Li + in a Li + /Mg 2+ binary solution (1:5) was investigated, showing that the separation factor of Li + /Mg 2+ in LMO||CoAl-LDO (2.67) was close to that in LMO||AC/AEM (2.98). In situ Raman characterization was conducted, showing that the high Cl − selectivity and good Cl − capacity were induced by the anion intercalation mechanism of CoAl-LDO. In addition, CoAl-LDO coated with AEM further enhanced the Cl − selectivity and capacity, which assisted the Li + extraction performance of LMO||CoAl-LDO with 1.80 mmol g −1 Li + intercalation capacity. We believe that CoAl-LDO is a promising anode material for electrochemical lithium extraction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl⁻ Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Qiao,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Chemical degradation is equally important as another factor in the decreased stability of ACE. 157 The electrochemical environment existing in the CDI cell has potential to support oxidative or reductive reactions on the carbon surface, particularly at high voltage operations. This might change the surface chemistry of activated carbon and thus change important properties such as wettability and electrical conductance, which provide direct effects on the retention of strong electrostatic interactions between the ions and the electrode.…”

Section: Challenges and Potential Of Acementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More attention is being paid by researchers on the improvement and modification of CDI, as discussed in a comprehensive review of prospects for CDI technology. 157 The application of CDI could be expanded to more fields beyond water desalination, leveraging the integration of various engineering strategies to enhance the electrode stability and performance.…”

Section: Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing capacitive deionization for water desalination: the role of activated carbon in contaminant removal

Wang,

Shan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a topic of significant interest in the realm of brackish water softening, owing primarily to its nonchemical dosing processes and decentralized modularity for water treatment. − CDI employs electrical double layers (EDLs) to temporarily immobilize the salts from the brackish feed solution. This process requires a discharge protocol subsequent to the saturation of the electrode, which results in intermittent operation and reduced flow efficiency. , Alternatively, flow-electrode CDI (termed FCDI), which is one variant of CDI, can effectively overcome this limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Selective Metathesis Design of Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for Energy-Saving and Anti-Scaling Softening of Brackish Water

Luo,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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While flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is recognized as an attractive desalination technology, its practical implementation has been hindered by the ease of scaling and energy-intensive nature of the single-cell FCDI system, particularly when treating brackish water with elevated levels of naturally coexisting SO 4 2− and Ca 2+ . To overcome these obstacles, we propose and design an innovative ion-selective metathesis FCDI (ISM-FCDI) system, consisting of a two-stage tailored cell design. Results indicate that the specific energy consumption per unit volume of water for the ISM-FCDI is lower (by up to ∼50%) than that of a conventional single-stage FCDI due to the parallel circuit structure of the ISM-FCDI. Additionally, the ISM-FCDI benefits from a conspicuous disparity in the selective removal of ions at each stage. The separate storage of Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− by the metathesis process in the ISM-FCDI (46.25% Ca 2+ , 14.25% SO 4 2− in electrode 1 and 4.75% Ca 2+ , 35.25% SO 4 2− in electrode 2) can effectively prevent scaling. Furthermore, configuration-performance analysis on the ion-selective migration suggests that the properties of the ion exchange membrane, rather than the carbon species, govern the selectivity of ion removal. This work introduces system-level enhancements aimed at enhancing energy conservation and scaling prevention, providing critical optimization of the FCDI for brackish water softening.

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Engineering strategies toward electrodes stabilization in capacitive deionization

Cited by 25 publications

References 351 publications

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl⁻ Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl⁻ Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Enhancing capacitive deionization for water desalination: the role of activated carbon in contaminant removal

Ion-Selective Metathesis Design of Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for Energy-Saving and Anti-Scaling Softening of Brackish Water

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Engineering strategies toward electrodes stabilization in capacitive deionization

Cited by 25 publications

References 351 publications

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl− Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl− Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Enhancing capacitive deionization for water desalination: the role of activated carbon in contaminant removal

Ion-Selective Metathesis Design of Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for Energy-Saving and Anti-Scaling Softening of Brackish Water

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Layered Double Oxide as a Cl⁻ Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction

Layered Double Oxide as a Cl⁻ Selective Anode for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium Extraction