Engineering the Pores of Biomass‐Derived Carbon: Insights for Achieving Ultrahigh Stability at High Power in High‐Energy Supercapacitors

Abstract

Electrochemical supercapacitors with high energy density are promising devices due to their simple construction and long-term cycling performance. The development of a supercapacitor based on electrical double-layer charge storage with high energy density that can preserve its cyclability at higher power presents an ongoing challenge. Herein, we provide insights to achieve a high energy density at high power with an ultrahigh stability in an electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) system by using carbon from a biomass precursor (cinnamon sticks) in a sodium ion-based organic electrolyte. Herein, we investigated the dependence of EDLC performance on structural, textural, and functional properties of porous carbon engineered by using various activation agents. The results demonstrate that the performance of EDLCs is not only dependent on their textural properties but also on their structural features and surface functionalities, as is evident from the electrochemical studies. The electrochemical results are highly promising and revealed that the porous carbon with poor textural properties has great potential to deliver high capacitance and outstanding stability over 300 000 cycles compared with porous carbon with good textural properties. A very low capacitance degradation of around 0.066 % per 1000 cycles, along with high energy density (≈71 Wh kg ) and high power density, have been achieved. These results offer a new platform for the application of low-surface-area biomass-derived carbons in the design of highly stable high-energy supercapacitors.

Fabricating an Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitor with a Stable High Working Voltage of 2 V by Using an Alkaline–Acidic Electrolyte

“…[32] The Raman spectra The intensity ratio of D and G band (I D /I G ) reflects the graphitic order of LS ACs. [40,41] The values of I D /I G of all samples are close to 1.00, unrelated with the KOH ratios, suggesting the highly disordered characteristic of LS ACs with low graphitization degree.…”

Hierarchical, Vertically‐Oriented Carbon Nanowall Foam Supercapacitor using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Mixture for AC Line Filtering with Ultrahigh Energy Density

“…Supercapacitor, an advanced energy storage device, is being considered as a promising alternative of AECs because of its high specific capacitance (approx. 2–5 orders of magnitude higher than that of AECs) and excellent rate capability ,. Nowadays, extensive research efforts have been focused on improving the frequency response of supercapacitors (RC time constant τ RC <8.3 ms that is required for 120 Hz filtering), e. g., employing advanced low‐dimensional materials and designing electrode structure with ultrathin thickness (typically sub‐μm) and macrospores ,.…”

Physical Expansion of Layered Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Thermal Conversion into Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Nanoporous carbon materials are useful in energy storage and air/water purification applications because they are inexpensive and lightweight and have good chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability . Numerous methods have been developed to create more porosity in carbon electrodes because a higher surface area enables easier transport of electrolytic ions by shortening ion diffusion distances.…”

“…Nanoporous carbon materials are useful in energy storagea nd air/water purification applications because theya re inexpensive and lightweight and have good chemical, mechanical, and thermals tability. [1][2][3][4][5] Numerous methods have been developed to create more porosityi nc arbon electrodes because ah igher surfacea rea enables easier transporto fe lectrolytic ions by shortening ion diffusion distances. For example, porosity can be generated by using sacrificialh ard-templates (e.g.,z eolites, mesoporouss ilicaa nd colloidal crystals) [6,7] and soft templates (e.g.,block copolymers), [8,9] as well as the carbonization and activation of natural waste materials [10][11][12] and high temperature chlorination of crystalline carbides.…”