Engineering viral genomics and nano-liposomes in microfluidic platforms for patient-specific analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Satta, Sandro; Shahabipour, Fahimeh; Gao, Wei; Lentz, Steven R.; Perlman, Stanley; Ashammakhi, Nureddin; Hsiai, Tzung K.

doi:10.7150/thno.72339

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Encapsulation aims to shield hepatocytes from the host’s immune system, yet the release of bioactive molecules from hepatocytes can potentially trigger immune responses ( 31 ). The extent of this reaction depends on the encapsulation material’s permeability and the host’s sensitivity.…”

Section: Enhancing Hepatocyte Viability and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of advances in hepatocyte microencapsulation: selecting materials and preserving cell viability

Wang,

Wen,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Liver failure represents a critical medical condition with a traditionally grim prognosis, where treatment options have been notably limited. Historically, liver transplantation has stood as the sole definitive cure, yet the stark disparity between the limited availability of liver donations and the high demand for such organs has significantly hampered its feasibility. This discrepancy has necessitated the exploration of hepatocyte transplantation as a temporary, supportive intervention. In light of this, our review delves into the burgeoning field of hepatocyte transplantation, with a focus on the latest advancements in maintaining hepatocyte function, co-microencapsulation techniques, xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation, and the selection of materials for microencapsulation. Our examination of hepatocyte microencapsulation research highlights that, to date, most studies have been conducted in vitro or using liver failure mouse models, with a notable paucity of experiments on larger mammals. The functionality of microencapsulated hepatocytes is primarily inferred through indirect measures such as urea and albumin production and the rate of ammonia clearance. Furthermore, research on the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte co-microencapsulation remains limited, and the practicality of xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation requires further validation. The potential of hepatocyte microencapsulation extends beyond the current scope of application, suggesting a promising horizon for liver failure treatment modalities. Innovations in encapsulation materials and techniques aim to enhance cell viability and function, indicating a need for comprehensive studies that bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory success and clinical applicability. Moreover, the integration of bioengineering and regenerative medicine offers novel pathways to refine hepatocyte transplantation, potentially overcoming the challenges of immune rejection and ensuring the long-term functionality of transplanted cells. In conclusion, while hepatocyte microencapsulation and transplantation herald a new era in liver failure therapy, significant strides must be made to translate these experimental approaches into viable clinical solutions. Future research should aim to expand the experimental models to include larger mammals, thereby providing a clearer understanding of the clinical potential of these therapies. Additionally, a deeper exploration into the mechanisms of cell survival and function within microcapsules, alongside the development of innovative encapsulation materials, will be critical in advancing the field and offering new hope to patients with liver failure.

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Section: Enhancing Hepatocyte Viability and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of advances in hepatocyte microencapsulation: selecting materials and preserving cell viability

Wang,

Wen,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Liposomes are a class of vesicle-like structures with a bilayer phospholipid membrane structure that is amphiphilic in nature and are, therefore, commonly used for drug loading and delivery. 31 Liposomal delivery systems provide the capability to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic medications in phospholipid bilayers. Liposomes possess biocompatibility because of their composition resembling that of cell membranes or lung surfactants.…”

Section: Nano-drug Delivery Systems: Nano-formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Challenges for Inhalable Nanomedicine Formulations in Respiratory Diseases: A Review

Feng,

Shi,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IJN

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Lungs experience frequent interactions with the external environment and have an abundant supply of blood; therefore, they are susceptible to invasion by pathogenic microorganisms and tumor cells. However, the limited pharmacokinetics of conventional drugs in the lungs poses a clinical challenge. The emergence of different nano-formulations has been facilitated by advancements in nanotechnology. Inhaled nanomedicines exhibit better targeting and prolonged therapeutic effects. Although nano-formulations have great potential, they still present several unknown risks. Herein, we review the (1) physiological anatomy of the lungs and their biological barriers, (2) pharmacokinetics and toxicology of nanomaterial formulations in the lungs; (3) current nanomaterials that can be applied to the respiratory system and related design strategies, and (4) current applications of inhaled nanomaterials in treating respiratory disorders, vaccine design, and imaging detection based on the characteristics of different nanomaterials. Finally, (5) we analyze and summarize the challenges and prospects of nanomaterials for respiratory disease applications. We believe that nanomaterials, particularly inhaled nano-formulations, have excellent prospects for application in respiratory diseases. However, we emphasize that the simultaneous toxic side effects of biological nanomaterials must be considered during the application of these emerging medicines. This study aims to offer comprehensive guidelines and valuable insights for conducting research on nanomaterials in the domain of the respiratory system.

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“…The versatility of these platforms makes them well-suited for both standard clinical settings and point-of-care applications for early disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring of disease pathology and therapeutic efficacy. Advancements in nanomedicine and nanotechnology have also increased biosensor sensitivity and reduced analysis time 54 for viral nucleic acids and antibody tests. For this reason and due to their ease of fabrication, functionality, biodegradability, and low-cost, paper-based biosensors have gained attention.…”

Section: Biosensors For Long-covid Monitoring On-a-chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Organ-Chips and Stem Cell Models in the Fight Against COVID-19

Satta

Rockwood

Wang

et al. 2023

Circulation Research

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SARS-CoV-2, the virus underlying COVID-19, has now been recognized to cause multiorgan disease with a systemic effect on the host. To effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent development of COVID-19, it is critical to detect, monitor, and model viral pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip, and human stem cell–derived models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in the physiological organ microenvironment, together with their limitations. Microfluidic-based detection methods have greatly enhanced the rapidity, accessibility, and sensitivity of viral detection from patient samples. Engineered organ-on-a-chip models that recapitulate in vivo physiology have been developed for many organ systems to study viral pathology. Human stem cell–derived models have been utilized not only to model viral tropism and pathogenesis in a physiologically relevant context but also to screen for effective therapeutic compounds. The combination of all these platforms, along with future advancements, may aid to identify potential targets and develop novel strategies to counteract COVID-19 pathogenesis.

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Engineering viral genomics and nano-liposomes in microfluidic platforms for patient-specific analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Cited by 10 publications

References 104 publications

A comprehensive review of advances in hepatocyte microencapsulation: selecting materials and preserving cell viability

A comprehensive review of advances in hepatocyte microencapsulation: selecting materials and preserving cell viability

Opportunities and Challenges for Inhalable Nanomedicine Formulations in Respiratory Diseases: A Review

Microfluidic Organ-Chips and Stem Cell Models in the Fight Against COVID-19

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