Engineers, Innovative Capacity and Development in the Americas

Maloney, William F.; Caicedo, Felipe Valencia

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2451275

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…For example, OECD (2018) uses the number of scientists and engineers as an indicator for measuring a country's technological human resources. Maloney and Caicedo (2017) present a historical analysis of the impact of engineers density on technological intensification and structural change. de Rassenfosse and van Pottelsberghe ( 2009) use the number of full-time scientists and engineers as a measure of innovation effort in a patent knowledge function and show evidence of a positive relationship between research effort and patents fillings.…”

Section: Definition Of Innovative Firmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Innovative Firms Pay Higher Wages?: Micro-Level Evidence from Brazil

Cirera¹,

Neto²

2020

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Section: Definition Of Innovative Firmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Innovative Firms Pay Higher Wages?: Micro-Level Evidence from Brazil

Cirera¹,

Neto²

2020

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“…Schools for engineers were established, along with institutions specializing in plant breeding, agronomy, and livestock raising. At the university level, however, the situation was far from adequate, for neither the curriculum nor the course structure had changed much since colonial times (Maloney & Valencia, 2014).…”

Section: Export-led Growth and The Supply Sidementioning

confidence: 99%

The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs? Agricultural Development in Latin America in the 20th Century

Martín-Retortillo

Pinilla

Velazco

et al. 2018

Agricultural Development in the World Periphery

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In the last third of the nineteenth century, a large majority of Latin America adopted export-led models of growth, mostly based on agricultural exports. In some countries, this strategy produced significant results in terms of economic development but in most of the countries, the strategy was not successful, either because of too slow growth in exports or because linkages with the rest of the economy were very weak and there was no significant growth-spreading effect. After WWII, Latin America turned to a new model of economic development: the import substitution industrialisation (ISI). The ISI policies penalised export-led agriculture. The 1980s and 1990s were characterised by an expansion of adjustment policies and structural reforms. The new strategy consisted of mobilising resources in competitive export sectors, including agriculture.

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“…Baldwin (1969), Rodríguez-Clare (2007), and Lederman and Maloney (2012) further caution that expanding a sector with potential externalities does not necessarily imply that they automatically will occur if the sector is not organized appropriately. As examples, at the beginning of the twentieth century, copper mining in the United States led to a knowledge network in chemistry and metallurgy that laid the foundations for subsequent diversification and industrialization, while in Chile the same industry nearly died (Maloney and Valencia 2016). Both Mexico and the Republic of Korea began assembling electronics in the early 1980s, yet only Korea has produced a truly indigenous electronic device in the Galaxy.…”

Section: Is This Distortion Where We Should Focus or Are Other Markementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of geographical agglomerations over millennia (See Davis and Weinstein 2002;Maloney and Valencia 2016) suggests that these coordination issues are extremely powerful. However, firms may not cooperate and organize themselves in order to take advantage of these agglomeration economies.…”

Section: Can We Identify a Clear Market Failure?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Policy, Information, and Government Capacity

Maloney

Nayyar

2017

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Governments are resource-and bandwidth-constrained, and hence need to prioritize productivity-enhancing policies. To do so requires information on the nature and magnitude of market failures on the one hand, and government's capacity to redress them successfully on the other. This article reviews perspectives on vertical (sectoral) and horizontal (factor markets, cluster) policies with a view to both criteria. We first argue that the case for either vertical or horizontal policies cannot be made on the basis of the likelihood of successful implementation: for instance, educational policies and "picking the winner" types of policies both run the risks of capture and incompetent execution. However, the economics profession has been able to establish more convincing market failures for horizontal policies than for vertical policies. Most of the recent approaches to identifying failures around particular goods are of limited help. Hence, for a given difficulty of execution, the former are generally preferred. A second critical message is that improving the quality of governance in terms of collecting information, coordination ability, and defending against capture is critical to the successful implementation of productivity policies and should be central on the policy agenda. JEL codes: O10, O25 Governments routinely intervene in the economy in the pursuit of higher growth rates. Conceptually, such interventions are justified by market failures that can be found in many aspects of the economy: the production of particular goods, the accumulation of human capital, the provision of infrastructure, and in the interactions among firms. As a group, these policies are sometimes termed "Productivity Policies," although the narrower focus on particular sectoral support has traditionally been termed "Industrial Policy." Standard welfare theory suggests in all cases that there is a role for policy to redress these failures, ideally as close to the distortion as possible. 1 Historically, some state interventions, for instance, in education and infrastructure,

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Engineers, Innovative Capacity and Development in the Americas

Cited by 12 publications

References 82 publications

Do Innovative Firms Pay Higher Wages?: Micro-Level Evidence from Brazil

Do Innovative Firms Pay Higher Wages?: Micro-Level Evidence from Brazil

The Goose That Laid the Golden Eggs? Agricultural Development in Latin America in the 20th Century

Industrial Policy, Information, and Government Capacity

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